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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 




A THOUSAND ROSES FROM A SINGLE STEM 



ALL ABOUT 

PASADBNA 

AND ITS VICINITY 

ITS CLIMATE, MISSIONS, TRAILS AND CANONS, 
FRUITS, FLOWERS AND GAME 



BY ^/ 

CHARLES FREDERICK HOLDER 

Author of " The Ivory King," " Marvels of Animal Life," "A Frozen 
Dragon," " Elements of Zoology," "A Strange Com- 
pany,'' " Living Lights," Etc., Ejc. 




BOSTON 1889 
LEE AND SHEPARD Publishers 

10 MILK street next " THE OLD SOUTH MEETING-HOUSE " 

NEW YORK CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM 

718 and 720 BROADWAY 



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COPYRIGHT, 1888, 

BY 

CHARLES FREDERICK HOLDER. 



.T3H1 



PKESS OF 

AMERICAN PRINTING AND ENGRAVING CO., 

BOSTON, MASS. 



PREFACE. 

The size of California is not generally appreciated. 
It is larger by ninety-three thousand square miles than 
all the New England States combined. In other words, 
it embraces one hundred and fifty-five thousand, nine 
hundred and eighty square miles of surface. 

Los Angeles County, Southern California, is almost 
as large as the State of Massachusetts. It is a cli- 
matic paradox. Lying in the same latitude as North 
Carolina, it enjoys a winter in which roses bloom, and 
a summer cooler and more delightful than can be 
found in many eastern cities. Here the palm and 
apple, the pomegranate, banana, and every semi-trop- 
ical and temperate fruit, flower, or plant grow side by 
side. 

The most attractive valley is the San Gabriel; and 
at its head, twenty-five miles from the Pacific, lies Pas- 
adena — a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the 
home of a wealthy and cultivated community, the 
ideal health and fashionable resort. 

The present volume is intended to give the tourist 
or general reader information regarding the conditions 



VI PREFACE. 

of life here, to indicate the points of greatest interest, 
and possibly make the strolls or rides of the reader 
more enjoyable by pointing out features, historical or 
natural, that would otherwise escape attention. 

C. F. H, 

Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Southern California. 
November, 1888. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 

I. Some Curious Conditions i 

II. The City of Pasadena 9 

III. The Raymond 18 

IV. Short Drives , 23 

V. Mountain Retreats 33 

VI. The San Gabriel Mission 43 

VII. The Ancient Pasadenians ........ 65 

VIII. Pasadena as a Health Resort ...... 72 

IX. The Rod and the Gun 81 

X. Across Country Riding 89 

XI. The Vineyards and Orange Groves .... 97 

XII. The True Land of Flowers ....... 105 

XIII. Seaside Resorts no 

XIV. Long Rides 114 

XV. The Fauna 121 

Hints to Tourists -. 125 

Table of Comparative Climates .... 127 

Table of Relative Humidity 128 

Points of Interest and Distances 128 

Churches and Societies 130 

Street Railway Guide 134 

Spanish Local Names and Definitions . . , 136 

Index 138 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 

A Thousand Roses from a Single Stem . . Frontispiece. 

Grammar School and Public Library 9 

Presbyterian Church 10 

Along the Arroyo Seco 11 

Orange Grove Avenue 13 

The Raymond and the San Gabriel Valley ... 19 

The Park Place Oaks 25 

San Gabriel Mission {exterior) 45 

San Gabriel Mission (interior) 47 

Eucalyptus and Orange Groves near Eaton Canon . 89 

Picking Oranges — February 99 

A Pasadena Vineyard 102 

Santa Anita Club-house and Lake 104 

The Proposed Union Club Building 106 

Out-door Life at Pasadena in January . . . ... 108 

The Pasadena Grand Opera House 113 

Young Men's Christian Association Building . . . 120 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



CHAPTER I. 

SOME CURIOUS CONDITIONS. 

Geographical position. The Japanese current. The peculiarities of situation. 
Summer in winter time. 

AS Pasadena is the best-equipped health and 
pleasure resort, winter and summer, in this 
country, bidding fair to compare in beauty with the 
famed watering-places of the Riviera, it has naturally 
attracted the attention of people in every quarter of 
the country; and every year hundreds of tourists 
and others proposing to visit Southern California, 
turn to the map and locate it near the thirty-fourth 
parallel of latitude. They have been told that Pasa- 
dena is a winter summer-land, if the term can be used ; 
that flowers bloom the year round, and that Pasadena 
snowflakes are orange petals. At first this seems 
hardly possible, as, directly opposite, on the Atlantic 
Coast, we find Wilmington, North Carolina, — a situa- 
tion somewhat noted for cold and blustering winters ; 
at least, gardens are not kept up there from November 
to March. There must be something, then, in the 
surroundings of Pasadena that gives it singular and 
extraordinary possibilities in the way of climate. 

It is simply this : In the Pacific there is a large 



2 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

current, known as the Japanese or Kurosiwo, that, 
resembling the Gulf Stream of the Atlantic, sweeps 
up from JajDan around by Alaska, then, closely follow- 
ing the trend of the coast, is finally lost near the equa- 
torial Pacific. This mighty river of the ocean has an 
estimated width of five hundred miles, is extremely 
deep, and, most important, has a temperature that 
does not vary, from month to month, much from fifty- 
two degrees. The effect of this extraordinary current 
from the south upon what, in the natural order of 
events, would be a cold and forbidding coast, is to com- 
pletely modify it, to reverse things climatic ; as if 
some of the strange customs of the Japanese, usually 
the reverse or antipodes of ours, were being carried 
out even in climate. 

To fully appreciate the effect of this current upon 
the Pacific slope, one should start from a given point 
in the East during the dead of winter and follow the 
latitude to the Pacific Coast. On the Atlantic we leave 
intense cold ; harbors are frozen, the farmer is housed 
for months, and the soil is to a depth of several feet 
frozen to granitic hardness. Following the thirty-fourth 
degree west from this, we shall find winter weather in 
New Mexico, and finally we sight from the grim yet 
interesting wastes of the Arizona or California deserts 
a ridge of lofty mountains. It is winter, then, in 
California, as the tops of the mighty Sierra Madre 
Range before us are capped with snow. We enter one 
of the narrow defiles, the Cajon Pass, and pass the 
gates of what over-enthusiastic Californians term 
Paradise. It is not paradise, but to the tourist who 
has left the snow and ice of the East it is, perhaps, as 
near it as can be expected. We have entered the great 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 3 

series of valleys, that fall from the Sierra Madres to 
the sea, and in a few hours are in Pasadena. 

From Raymond Hill, East Pasadena, the site of the 
Raymond Hotel, we look down upon the city that has 
made such claims, and a glance shows its environ- 
ment to justify them. 

Before us is spread away a scene from which Turner 
might have received inspiration, so rich is it in con- 
trasting effects, in marvelous tints, and in grandeur of 
conception. The remark is often heard that it re- 
sembles an ideal scene, and people who have traversed 
the globe state that its equal can seldom be found. 
There is no special object in view to call attention to, 
no surprises ; it is the completeness of the picture as a 
whole, and the restful nature, that delights and im- 
presses one. The subject of this nature's study might 
be called " Winter and Summer," for this it is. The 
snows of winter are blowing here and there. We can 
see the flurries, and watch the white wraiths tossed 
aloft by the wind on the upper range ; yet, where we 
stand, the odor of the orange, rose, violet, and 
hundreds of flowers fills the air. We look upon winter 
from the midst of summer, and in a few hours can 
stand amid the snow-banks and look down upon this 
summer-land with its groves of orange, olive, and 
banana, and its acres of vineyard. The winter is upon 
the Sierra Madres that lie to the north of the San 
Gabriel Valley. The mountains range from two to 
eleven thousand feet in height ; opposite Pasadena 
they are from four to five thousand, and reach back 
for forty miles, constituting a labyrinth of canons and 
ridges unequaled in any country under the sun. Fol- 
lowing the range with the eye, we see Old Baldy, a 



4 PASADENA AND ITS .VICINITY. 

peak eleven thousand feet in height. It will repay one 
to ride down to Glendora and see the peak gleaming, 
with its silvery coat, through the green walls of the 
canon that seem to form the frame for the picture. 
Farther along is Mt. San Bernadino, then San Jacinto, 
telling of Temecula and the Indians at Pachanga. 
Here the range trends to the south, forming Smith's 
Mountain, or Mt. Paloma, that overhangs Pala Mis- 
sion. The Temecula Range, to the south, still parallel 
with the ocean, and down by Elsinore, takes us back, 
and we come to Mt. Santa Ana, with its altitude of 
nine thousand feet, snow-capped after every rain. 
From here a range of low mountains begins, that leads 
back to The Raymond, or six miles below it, under the 
name of the Puente Hills. We have traversed in a 
single glance many hundred square miles, yet the prin- 
cipal peaks are prominent features in the landscape 
without the aid of a glass. Turning to the west we see 
the Verdugo Mountains, blue in the distance ; and, 
beyond them, reaching to the south, the Sierra Santa 
Monica range. A lofty jumble of hills rises directly 
to the west of the city, so we have, as regards environ- 
ment, perfection; mountains appear on every hand, 
explaining the remarkable immunity Pasadena pos- 
sesses from strong winds. 

The San Gabriel Valley occupies the space bounded 
by the Arroyo Seco upon the west, the Sierra Madres 
on the north, and the Puente Hills upon the south. It 
is thirty-five or forty miles long, from east to west, and 
from the hills to the mountains about ten miles. 

The climatic condition seems difficult to realize ; 
but the story is simply told. When the blizzard blows in 
the East, the warm trade wind sighs through the orange 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 5 

blossoms here. When the ice is forming there, the 
birds are singing here. There is no lost time from one 
end of the year to the other. Nature seems always at 
her best, and the products of nearly every zone meet 
here. The banana and the pine, the palm and the 
apple, grow in the same dooryard, and when the sum- 
mer comes, and sunstroke and other ills visit the East, 
perfect immunity is found here in cooler days and per- 
fect nights. This is what is said of Pasadena, and 
these conditions constituted the magnet that drew 
hither the early settlers, and is still building up and 
populating this section of Southern California. 

Fifteen years ago the San Gabriel Valley constituted 
several large ranches, owned by the Bandini family 
and several others, Spanish and American. Great 
live-oak trees covered large tracts, and the bare spots 
were overgrown with sage-brush and grease-wood, or 
carpeted with a variety of flowers found nowhere else 
in the world in greater beauty or profusion. The land 
was apparently valueless, except as a roaming ground 
for the sheep of the Mexican herders. 

Los Angeles was a Mexican city partly American- 
ized, and the Spanish gallants rode out to the San 
Pasquale ranch, and about the old Mission of San 
Gabriel, to have their meets with hounds and horses. 
Then the wild-cat prowled about Raymond Hill, and 
the black-tailed deer found its way far down the Arroyo. 
In these days the San Gabriel was shut out from the 
world by the formidable range of the Sierra Madres, 
and the news was brought down or up the coast by 
sailing vessels or steamers, or, perchance, by horse- 
men, over the traveled roads between the missions at 
Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and so 
on to Monterey. 



6 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

The Mexican war brought Los Angeles before the 
country, and the work of Fremont and Stockton 
secured it to the American people ; but it was very- 
many years later before a small party of men dis- 
covered Pasadena. They were Indianians, and, having 
been delegated by some friends at home to look over 
Southern California, with a view to establishing a 
colony, they entered the San Gabriel, driving out over 
the country from Los Angeles in teams. They exam- 
ined the country well, went down into the lower coun- 
ties, and finally returned to the spot they saw when 
they climbed up out of the Arroyo Seco, nine miles 
east of the City of the Angels, The peculiar position 
of the locality, its availability, its remarkable climate, 
absence from sudden change and all the features so 
disagreeable in the East, aroused their enthusiasm, 
and they reported that this was their choice. Such is, 
in brief, the early history of the place. People soon 
flocked here, the accounts being told by word of 
mouth, and in a few years Pasadena, the Crown 
of the Valley, as it was named, became a thriving 
village. 

It had been learned from the Mission Fathers that 
the orange would grow here, and every settler had 
from ten to fifty acres laid out in orange groves. 
Experiment showed that here was a climate like that 
of Southern Italy, without the hot, debilitating sum- 
mer, and that plants and fruits of every kind would 
thrive. So Pasadena became a vast orange grove — 
a veritable garden — attractive in summer, when the 
acres of vineyards were in bloom, and a place of in- 
comparable beauty in winter, when the mesas were 
carpeted with flowers of every hue. Such a place could 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 7 

not but grow ; and, as settlers poured in, real estate 
advanced, and the original holders grew rich, until 
finally, four years ago, the railroad — the advance 
guard of ripe civilization — reached the town. At 
almost one leap it became a city, and with rapid 
strides has doubled and trebled its population, until 
to-day it stands a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, 
with all the appliances of eastern cities of a century's 
growth — a refined and cultivated community, without 
a vestige of the rude elements that have formed an 
integral part of the typical western towns. 

The history of Pasadena would be incomplete with- 
out reference to the " boom." The railroad made the 
city easy of access, and simultaneously Walter Ray- 
mond, of Raymond excursion fame, began the erection 
of a palatial hotel. This afforded the first adequate 
accommodations for a large number of visitors that the 
city had had, and during the first six months of its sea- 
son many thousand guests were entertained. 

Among the visitors to Pasadena many were home 
seekers ; and others, becoming enamored with the cli- 
mate and country, also invested in land. This, with 
the speculative spirit always lying dormant, created a 
real-estate craze similar to that seen in many towns of 
the West during the past decade. 

Property rose as high in the best localities as ^800 
per front foot, and for a year or more the city was 
crowded with speculators, and almost every tract was 
sold and re-sold many times. Fortunes were made, and 
enormous sums changed hands. Conservative business 
men, who had been through such excitement before, 
prophesied disaster, and finally the people realized 
that the time for speculation to cease had arrived ; 



8 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

but, curiously enough, the terrible reaction anticipated, 
did not set in. Wild speculation had ceased, and a 
gradual healthful growth took its place. Even Pasa- 
denians were astonished, but the truth was that, while 
they had been speculating in land, they had been plant- 
ing trees, laying horse railroads, building banks, ele- 
gant business blocks, and mansions that would com- 
pare favorably with those in any city ; so that when the 
wild-cat speculation ended, and a shrinkage was looked 
for, it did not come, for the simple reason that the 
city improvements had kept apace with the highest 
values given to inside property, and property in the 
city proper was found to be worth all if not more than 
was ever asked for it in the times of wildest excite- 
ment. So curious a condition of things could hardly 
be found elsewhere ; but the natural beauties and the 
delightful climatic conditions of the place are its stock 
in trade, and will always continue to exert their influ- 
ence ; and in the near future, when Pasadena shall 
have become mature, when her palms, now fifteen feet 
high, shall be thirty, there will be no fairer spot upon 
the continent. 

To-day we have in Pasadena a well-equipped, fash- 
ionable resort, winter and summer, — a city built rap- 
idly, yet without a vestige of the rough element that is 
to be found in the new cities of the inter-oceanic 
region. This is due to the fact that Pasadena has 
been built up by wealthy, refined, and cultivated people 
from the great cities of the East ; and, while w^ithout 
maturity in years, she possesses all that time can bring, 
especially as regards the social ties that bind and 
mould communities. 




^ ^ 



PUBLIC LIBRARY, RAYMOND AVENUE. 



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WILSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL BUILDING, MARENGO AUENUE. 



CHAPTER II. 

THE CITY OF PASADENA. 

The streets. Avenues. Public buildings. Points of interest. Car lines. 
Opera house. 



T 



HE name Pasadena is of Indian (Iroquois) origin, 
and means the Crown of the Valley, and is sug- 
gestive of the position of the city at the head or west- 
ern portion of the famous San Gabriel Valley. 

A deep canon, the Arroyo Seco, richly wooded, a 
natural park, constitutes its western border, and its 
limits may be said to be the town of Ramona upon the 
south and the Sierra Madre Mountains on the north, 
a distance of nine miles, while it extends four or five 
miles in an easterly direction, its suburbs breaking up 
into the towns of Lamanda Park, Alhambra, and San 
Gabriel. 

The city is laid out regularly in wide streets and 
avenues; the latter, as Raymond, Fair Oaks, and 
Marengo, extending north and south, leading to the 
foot of the mountains six miles from The Raymond. 
The streets and avenues are in many cases lined with 
cement sidewalks, over one hundred miles of this 
work having been already finished. On either side 
are attractive houses embowered in groves of the 
orange, lemon, and lime, or surrounded by a bewilder- 
ing wealth of flowers. It can be truthfully said that 
nowhere can more attractive homes be found in so 
limited an area. It is the land of the afternoon ; peo- 



lO PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

pie live out of doors, and have an inherent love of 
flowers. In almost every dooryard the rarest and most 
expensive eastern roses may be had for the asking. 
Houses are covered with the "gold of Ophir," and the 
" La France " is used as a hedge. 

The city stands on a level tract, gradually ascending 
toward the foot-hills, so that the altitude can be very 
materially changed by a short walk. The Raymond 
Hotel, at East Pasadena, is one mile south of the post- 
office or the centre, and to the casual observer appears 
to be upon a level with it ; yet the business centre of 
the city is as high as the top of the hotel. Horse rail- 
roads intersect the city in every direction, taking one 
over the most interesting portions; and several dummy 
lines radiate, to the Devil's Gate, La Canada Valley, 
and Altadena, the latter term being applied to the 
mesa or highland at the foot of the mountains where a 
magnificent view is had of the city from an altitude of 
about 1, 800 feet. Here, overlooking the Pacific, some 
of the most sumptuous villas are found ; among 
them the residences of Dr. Green, J. B. Woodbury, 
and farther along the villas of Messrs. Hugus, 
Swartwout, Outhwaite, and finally Kinneloa, the home 
of Abbot Kinney, who, it is said, selected this spot as 
a home, after traversing almost the entire world in 
search of a climate suited to his requirements. Altadena 
receives another title from winter tourists, that of 
Poppy Land, as,' after the first winter rain, acres of blaz- 
ing, golden-yellow poppies appear, transforming the 
upland slopes into a veritable " field of the cloth of gold." 

Pasadena has three principal business streets: 
Colorado, extending east and west, and ultimately to 
reach the town of Monrovia, ten miles away ; Ray- 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. II 

mond Avenue, extending from The Raymond Hotel 
directly through the heart of the city to the mountains ; 
and Fair Oaks Avenue, parallel to it one block to the 
west. These streets are lorovided with horse cars, and 




ALONG THE ARROYO SECO. 



built up with business blocks, which, in point of size, 
beauty, and general excellence, compare favorably with 
those of any city of like population in the East. The 
streets are lighted by gas and electricity, and all the 
trades are represented. On Raymond Avenue is the 
opera house, which cost $200,000, the most complete 
structure of the kind in Southern California. On this 
thoroughfare is the Hotel Webster, the central depot, 
the post-office, and several large and expensive build- 
ings. On Colorado Street are the banking interests, 
represented by three banks — the San Gabriel, the 
First Naiional, and the Pasadena National Bank. 
Besides these there are many private banking firms. 
Here we find durable and richly designed blocks, 
among which may be mentioned the Fish Block, the 
Frost Building, the Arcade, and the Carlton Hotel 
Block. At the junction of Colorado Street and Fair 



12 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

Oaks Avenue is Williams Hall, for a" long time the 
only theatre, and now used as a lecture hall. A 
natural history store displays all the curiosities of 
Southern California, from a gigantic tarantula to 
Chinese chop-sticks ; and between Fair Oaks Avenue 
and Raymond, not far from the Hotel Raymond, we 
find a thriving " Chinatown." 

Here the enticing game of Tan can be indulged in, 
the opium den on a small scale investigated, and 
Chinese heard as "she is spoke." Several stores 
contain the thousand and one objects attractive to the 
Chinese eye, as gods, historical figures, vases, plaques, 
sandal-wood fans, swords, banners, silk goods, fantas- 
tic jewelry, opium pipes, and finally, perchance, 
perched on the counter a genuine almond-eyed 
Chinese baby, not, however, for sale. 

The public buildings of Pasadena speak well for its 
future. On Fair Oaks Avenue is the Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association, alarge and expensive buildingin course 
of erection. On Colorado Street near the extensive 
Carr estate the Union Club-House is rising, and return- 
ing to Raymond Avenue we find the Public Library 
building, the finest of the kind west of Denver. Here 
is a fine collection of books, and a reading-room con- 
taining all the papers and periodicals of the day. The 
reading-room is free to all visitors, and books are 
obtainable by paying a small monthly fee. 

In the library are the rooms and museum of the 
Pasadena Academy of Sciences — which eventually 
will contain some of the finest collections in Southern 
California, among which may be mentioned the H. N» 
Rust collection of antiquities, ranging from the mound 
builders of the West to the California aborigines ; the 




PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 13 

Carr collection of fossils, representing the great and 
varied field covered by New York State ; the zoologi- 
cal collections of Delos Arnold and C. F. Holder, 
while many other citizens of Pasadena propose to con- 
tribute their private collections, which will make the 
museum one of the most valuable in the State. 

The principal residence streets of the city are Colo- 
rado, with the avenues radiating from it, and Orange 
Grove Avenue. The latter is the especial pride of the 
city, and with the 
Ridge, overlook- 
ing the valley, 
contains some of 
the most expen- ^ 
sive and showy 
places. Orange 7: -_-^...=^-.- 
Grove Avenue, ''- - — T._-S^. 
which extends orange grove avenue. 

parallel with the Arroyo Seco, or north and south, is 
about two miles in length, provided with cement 
side-walks its entire length, and planted with palms 
and pepper trees alternately. It is the fashionable 
drive, the Fifth Avenue of Pasadena. 

A residence of particular interest i- that of Ezra 
Carr, LL. D., a tract on the corner of Orange Grove 
Avenue and Colorado Street, reaching down as a vine 
and walnut grove into the heart of the city. Eleven 
years ago this was a barley field, and to-day it would 
pass for an estate half a century old. Dr. and Mrs. 
Carr are especially interested in botany, and their 
grounds contain choice plants and trees from almost 
every land under the sun. No better place could be 
selected to observe the possibilities of plants in South- 




14 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

ern California. On the estate we find almost all the 
conifers available in this country growing side by side 
with the banana, pomegranate, guava, palm, and 
papyrus. A running list of the plants of this place 
alone would give, — grapes — forty or fifty varieties, 
European and American — oranges, lemons, and 
limes of all kinds, citron, apple, crab-apple, apricot, 
barberries (hedge), cherry, currants, figs, guava, jujube, 
loquat, pomegranates, prunes, plums, pears, peaches, 
persimmons, mulberries, English walnuts, Prepartu- 
rien walnuts, almonds, butternuts, beechnuts, chestnuts 
(native and Italian), hickory nuts, pecan nuts, filberts. 
These are represented by almost every variety known. 
Among the trees we notice the cork, india-rubber, cedar 
of Lebanon, deodar, annearias, yew, varieties of elm, 
maples, hawthorn, eucalyptus, and acacias from Austra- 
lia, also palms and pines of nearly all kinds. In twelve 
years eucalyptus trees attain a height of a hundred 
feet, and others in proportion. This estate contains 
the finest collection of plants to be found in Southern 
California. 

The residences of Pasadena are rendered particu- 
larly attractive by the extraordinary variety of the 
verdure. One can hardly expect to listen to the music 
of the pine needles and look upon the ruddy pome- 
granate, loquat, or Abyssinian banana, or pick apples 
with one hand and figs with the other ; yet here this 
and more is possible. The places are in most cases 
surrounded by hedges, sometimes of the calla lily, more 
often the Monterey cypress or lime, with gate-posts 
of century plants that here often blossom when ten or 
twelve years old instead of one hundred, rearing aloft 
magnificent monuments of green and white. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 1 5 

The palm, grevillea, and pepper trees are most in 
vogue in street ornamentation. The pepper is a grace- 
ful fern-leafed tree, bearing rich clusters of bright red 
berries, and on Marengo Avenue, having been planted 
on either side, they form a perfect arch. On the drives 
of Bellevue and Waverly fine rows of growing palms 
are seen, which will ultimately attain a height of forty 
or fifty feet. 

Pasadena has nearly, if not quite, one million dollars 
invested in churches and church property, and almost 
every denomination is represented ; while lodges of 
various secret societies, military corps, and other 
associations are also found here. 

The accommodations for visitors are particularly 
good. Large boarding-houses abound in various parts 
of the city, with graded prices ; while several hotels, as 
the Painter, Carlton, Webster, Acme, and Crown 
Villa, are open the year round and are of especial 
convenience to business men. 

Reference has been made to the horse railroad and 
dummy lines which cross the city. Assuming The 
Raymond to be the starting point, one can reach the 
centre by the Fair Oaks Avenue line. 

From here the Colorado Street horse railway takes 
us down that fine avenue, one of the principal thorough- 
fares ; one branch leads up Lake Avenue, taking passen- 
gers up the grade to Altadena, while another continues 
down Colorado, then turning to the right and ending 
at Marceline or Wilson's pasture, the natural park of 
Pasadena. Near here is the finest place, all things 
considered, in Pasadena, the country residence of J. De 
Earth Shorb, Esq. A line leads west along Colorado 
Street, crossing the Arroyo at Park Place, and skirting 



l6 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

the Arroyo on the west side to Linda Vista. Here are 
the fine nurseries of the Park Place Company, James 
Campbell, President, and B. O.Clark, Manager, where 
a large collection of plants can be seen and many 
choice tropical varieties, ranging from the beautiful fern 
tree to the finest palms. Here also is the experimental 
station, where all kinds of forest trees and rare plants 
are to be reared and watched under the general direc- 
tion of the forestry commissioners. A dummy line 
skirts the hills of Linda Vista and takes the visitor up 
the famous San Fernando Pass, or La Canada Valley, 
as it is now called. The view from here, looking down 
the valley on clear days, is inexpressibly fine. Another 
horse-car line leaves the centre, passing directly north 
up New Fair Oaks Avenue to the Painter Hotel at 
Monk Hill, when it becomes a dummy line and goes to 
Devil's Gate, a narrow and beautiful defile in the 
Arroyo Seco. Other lines are in progress of construc- 
tion ; as the Monrovia line from Pasadena to Monrovia 
and Los Angeles, a rapid transit road from Pasadena 
to the City of the Angels, so that the city will soon be 
completely traversed by rails. An interesting road 
skirts The Raymond, passing the old adobe house in 
the rear and taking the stroller away in the direction 
of Stoneman's ranch, San Gabriel, andAlhambra. The 
Altadena road, the Pacific terminus of the Salt Lake 
road, begins near The Raymond and winds away up 
through the poppies and orange groves of Altadena. 



CHAPTER III. 



THE RAYMOND. 



An eastern hotel among the orange groves. Its situation. The view. 
Where the Raymond excursionists winter, etc. 

TN Pasadena there are two eminences that are partic- 
^ ularly noticeable : one is Washington Heights or 
Monk Hill, in North Pasadena, and the other Ray- 
mond Hill, in East Pasadena. 

Upon the latter stands The Raymond, — the magni- 
ficent hotel built by Emmons Raymond and Walter 
Raymond, of Boston, for the convenience of the 
thousands brought to the Pacific Coast on the well- 
known Raymond excursions, and the general public. 
The Raymond and its promoters have done more for 
Pasadena than can be realized. It was the pioneer in 
Southern California of first-class hotels. 

The Raymond stands on a hill just above the main 
line of the California Central, or Santa Fe, so that pas- 
sengers from any State in the East are landed directly 
at its doors. In other words, you are taken from a 
snow storm in Boston, and a few days later find your- 
self in a Boston hotel, or with all the convenience and 
luxuries of one, amid the orange groves of the Pacific 
summer land. 

For many years Mr. Raymond has been bringing 
large parties of tourists to Southern California, most of 
the time being spent at Monterey, Santa Monica, and 
other resorts, though Pasadena seemed to be the fa- 



j8 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

vorite spot. Curiously enough there were no accom- 
modations here; hence it occurred to Mr. Raymond 
that a large hotel where guests could have all the lux- 
uries of the East, with semi-tropical surroundings, would 
be appreciated. The present " Raymond " is the 
development of this idea, and it has proved one of the 
most successful hotels in the country. 

The hotel stands about thiee hundred and fifty feet 
above the surrounding valley and twelve hundred feet 
above the Pacific, which is dimly visible twenty-five or 
thirty miles away. To the north stretch away the 
streets, avenues, and groves of the Crown of the Valley, 
while to the south orange groves and vineyards suc- 
ceed one another in endless profusion. 

The writer has stood upon Raymond Hill in winter, 
with travelers who have visited every available spot 
worth seeing upon the globe, and the universal verdict 
was that " This is the most perfect picture I have ever 
seen." Turn which way you will, a view is had that in 
its calm, restful beauty defies expression. Day by day 
the scene grows upon one ; the mountains appear larger, 
the changes of tint and shade more beautiful, until 
finally the critic is obliged to confess that nowhere are 
the snow-banks of winter and the flowers of summer 
brought into such close and remarkable communion. 

Looking to the east from the spacious verandas, we 
see Old Baldy gleaming with snow ; San Jacinto, white- 
capped, ninety miles away, while the peaks of Santa 
Ana and San Bernadino loom up like gigantic sentinels 
guarding the approach to this summer land. To the 
south stretches away Stoneman's ranch, with its old 
vineyards and orange grove, the old homestead of 
ex-Governor and General Stoneman, succeeded by 



20 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

the San Gabriel vineyard, and the town of Ramona, 
reaching up to the Puente Hills, among which in the 
winter time rests a small laguna like a gem upon the 
rich green of the slopes. To the west are the San 
Rafael Hills, the hills of South Pasadena through 
which we trace the deep arroyo that winds away to Los 
Angeles, eight miles distant. 

On calm clear days the blue waters of the Pacific 
are distinctly visible from the veranda of the hotel, 
and from the upper stories the white sands of Long 
Beach, the vessels lying at anchor in the San Pedro 
harbor from Australia and every part of the world, and 
far out to sea, sixty miles or more distant, the peaks of 
Santa Catalina and San Clemente. 

The site of The Raymond embraces fifty-five acres ; 
under the guidance of an experienced landscape 
gardener it is fast assuming a beautiful appearance, 
and in a few years will be one of the most attractive 
parks in Southern California. On the slopes are a be- 
wildering variety of plants and flowers, and as we turn 
and watch the snow-clouds and flurries, plainly visible 
with the naked eye, borne aloft from Old Baldy, and 
look again at the wealth of flowers in which we are 
standing, it seems incomprehensible. Here are a 
wonderful variety of trees : the cork, camphor, euca- 
lyptus, apple, banana, palmas-fan, sago, date and 
others, pomegranates, guavas, orange, lemon, and lime, 
pines from Norfolk Island and from the borders of 
the far north, all meeting here on neutral ground. 

The hotel, which forms a landmark for many miles, 
faces the south, and all of the rooms are sunny during 
some portion of the day. Two large wings extend to 
the north, and about the entire edifice are covered, 
wide verandas, giving extended walks under shelter. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY, 21 

Everything is upon a large scale, — dining-rooms, 
parlor, ballroom, offices, and bedrooms, — and the 
general result is to give a light, airy, cheerful, and 
home-like appearance. Elevators and wide stair-ways 
communicate with the upper floors, and every possible 
modern improvement that would in any way tend to 
the comfort of guests has been introduced. 

The building is lighted with gas and electric lights, 
and pure water is provided from artesian wells and the 
distant mountains. 

Connected with the hotel is the most complete sta- 
ble in the section ; the carriages having been made in 
the East for The Raymond service. A band of trained 
Shetland ponies and burros add to the ordinary features. 
The saddle horses are well selected and are familiar 
with the drives and trails of the vicinity. 

The grounds are provided with all the appointments 
that modern hotel science could devise. On the west 
slope is a cacti grove where almost every species of 
this strange family can be seen by the lover of botany. 
Here are ornamental and drinking fountains, tennis 
courts, swings, children's play-ground, rustic houses, 
bowling-alleys, billiard halls for ladies and gentlemen, 
and many other features to amuse and interest guests. 

A fine orchestra is attached to the hotel, and the 
balls and hops in the elegantly appointed ballroom 
make the season a round of gayety, while the hotel is 
so large that those desiring quiet can have complete 
seclusion. 

The Raymond is at present open only during the win- 
ter season ; but the time will come in the near future, 
when the climatic conditions are better known, that its 
doors will be open also in summer, as the summers here 



2 2 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

are far cooler than in almost any city in the East, and 
one is guaranteed nights so cool that a blanket will 
not be uncomfortable. The hotel is under the manage- 
ment of Mr. C. H. Merrill, so well known by his connec. 
tion with the Crawford House (White Mountains, N. H.) 
during the summer. 

Mr. Merrill stands second to none in experience, 
and to his good judgment and genial qualities much 
of the success of this great hotel is due. While The 
Raymond appears to lie in the geographical centre 
of the Crown of the Valley, its post-office address is 
" East Pasadena." 

Pasadena feels a justifiable pride in The Raymond 
and its completeness as a hotel. It is a feature of the 
city, and a curiosity among hotels, and the crowning 
monument of the great system of Raymond & Whit- 
comb excursions, so well and favorably known in this 
country, Mexico, and Europe. 

Next to The Raymond in point of size is the Painter 
Hotel on Washington Heights, and nearer the moun- 
tains, at their very base, the Sierra Madre Villa. We 
have, then, beginning with the Santa Monica hotels, 
a chain, including Los Angeles, Garvanza, South Pasa- 
dena, The Raymond, the Painter, the Sierra Madre 
Villa, and the proposed Wilson's Peak Hotel, that 
gives the invalid every possible condition and altitude, 
ranging from the sea-level to five or six thousand feet 
above it, all within thirty miles. Such conditions are 
not found elsewhere in the habitable world. 



CHAPTER IV. 

SHORT DRIVES. 

Resorts about town. Shorb's, Baldwin's and Rose's wineries. Linda Vista. 
The Linda Vista trail. The Arroyo. Devil's Gate. Stoneman's ranch. 
The ostrich farm. La Canada. San Rafael ranch, etc. 

T^O the lover of horseback riding Pasadena is a 
^ revelation, abounding as it does in an infinite 
variety of trails and drives all perfectly safe, and, in 
the main, accessible to carriages. 

THE ARROYO SECO. 

To the west of Pasadena extends the canon of the 
Arroyo Seco, which means literally a dry river. In 
the summer this is the bed of a little stream which 
now and then disappears, really forming a good body 
of water, though out of sight, and in the winter after 
a rain bearing in its tortuous channel a rushing torrent 
of great power, the drainage of the great canon of 
the Arroyo that extends a third of the way across the 
Sierra Madre range. At Pasadena the Arroyo forms 
a complete jungle, a most attractive resort for the 
walker or equestrian. Tall sycamore trees rear their 
graceful forms, while over the limbs and branches are 
festoons of the wild grape, clematis, and other vines^ 
so luxuriant that they form a complete bower in many 
places. Live oaks, the willow, alder, and a variety 
of trees grow here, with vines and flowering plants 
innumerable, so that in the winter season the Arroyo 
becomes a literal garden. In and out among the trees 



24 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

a trail has been worn, often leading down to the bed 
of the brook ; and here one. can wander for hours at 
Christmas time in this leafy retreat, with the birds 
singing all about, and trout darting from the horse's 
feet. Between the point known as Park Place and 
that a mile or two south, the Arroyo is thickly wooded ; 
but to the north it branches out, becomes wider, and 
low brush, cacti and the yucca are the principal forms 
of vegetation. Here there is a good carriage road 
reached from Park Place, which can be followed to 
Devil's Gate, where, or near by, a road leads out of the 
Arroyo. Equestrians can keep on and pass Devil's 
Gate, fording the stream ; but carriages take the road 
referred to, finding another a little farther on, leading 
down into the Arroyo again, where a cross road is 
found. One to the left passes over into La Caiiada 
Valley, while that to the right carries you on up the 
Arroyo into the mountains and to Switzer's. The 
La Canada drive may be continued for two or three 
miles, then returning by Verdugo Canon, a pleasant 
valley, well wooded and attractive. A shorter ride, 
and particularly pleasant for equestrians, is to follow 
down the La Canada road for a mile or so, then turn 
to the left, and return to Pasadena through the hills. 

By following the Arroyo road north we are brought 
to the mouth of the canon, hung with wild grape 
and ivy ; and for three miles, when the water is not 
high, the ride, especially for those on horseback, is 
a continual delight; the road windingbetween the high 
walls of the caiion, skirted by rich vegetation and 
abounding with flowers and ferns. A carriage can be 
driven in as far as Bronk's, but the road is particu- 
larly adapted for horseback riding. The entrance of 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 




^"^^.T.- 



the Arroyo at the mountains is about four miles from 
Pasadena proper. 

LINDA VISTA. 

Linda Vista lies three miles northwest of Pasadena, 
upon the west -- 
bank of the 
Arroyo Seco — a col- -' 
lection of houses shadowed 
by the San Rafael Hills 
that rise beyond. Here are 
the Park Place nursery 
and the Forestry Commis- 
sion experimental station ; 
but to the tourist the chief interest will perhaps centre 
in the trail that leads up over the hills just before we 
come to Linda Vista, by which the highest peak of 
the San Rafael range is reached, perhaps two thousand 
feet in height. The location of the trail is marked by 
a small house upon the ridge and a reservoir. There 
are two trails here, the one to the south being preferred. 
These are available for good saddle-horses, and from 
the summit one of the finest views down the valley is to 
be had. The climb can be made in less than an hour, 
though a longer time should be taken. On the summit 
a cairn is found, the " post-office " where people from all 
over the world have left their cards and names in 
poetry and prose. 

A single glance from this prominence includes hun- 
dreds of square miles. Pasadena, with its wealth of 
homes, vineyards and groves, lies at our feet. The peaks 
of San Bernadino, Old Baldy, San Jacinto, and Santa 
Ana loom up beyond, while away to the east and south 



26 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

we see the towns of Puente, Monrovia, Whittier, Fulton 
Wells, and others. Turning to the west Los Angeles is 
below us, and far in the distance the blue Pacific and 
the gleaming sands of Long Beach, Wilmington, 
with the peaks of Santa Catalina, thirty miles off shore. 
To the northwest the range of Verango curves into 
line, with its fine canons telling of game, while as far as 
the eye can see the main range of the Sierra Madres 
extends, breaking up into the hills and mountains of 
Ventura. All things considered, the view from here is 
the finest after that from the summit of the main range. 
In the descent we may see a coyote, wild-cat, orblack- 
tailed deer, in the caiion, and curious owls look suspi- 
ciously at us from the bush below, showing that while 
barely above the city, here are all the elements that 
go to make up the secluded forest. The equestrian 
who does not fear riding through the bush will find 
many trails on these mountains, leading over the peaks; 
and a steep one, used at times by the writer, takes one 
down the western slope and out by Eagle-Rock Valley. 
It is, however, a good rule not to attempt to descend the 
mountain where there is no well-defined trail. 

THE SAN RAFAEL RANCH. 

One of the most attractive and diversified pieces of 
upland and lowland country in the near vicinity of 
Pasadena is the San Rafael ranch, owned by the 
Messrs. Johnson. It lies on the edge of the Arroyo 
directly west of the city, and formerly included most of 
the San Rafael range, and now is one of the largest 
ranches about Pasadena, embracing fine vineyards and 
grain land, and the famous Eagle Rock. 

The ranch is reached from Garvanza (sweet pea) 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 27 

through the tunnel road, and from Pasadena by the 
Arroyo road at the foot of California street ; also by 
the Arroyo drive at the foot of Colorado court. The 
latter crosses the Arroyo by the Scoville bridge, and 
follows the winding trail to the summit, where a fine 
view of the city is to be had as well as of the surround- 
ing country. A hundred yards to the left of the Sco- 
ville bridge is the county road, leading up a smalt 
canon, but from disuse only safe for sure-footed horses 
or ponies. From the summit of the ridge, trails extend 
in every direction, leading out upon the spurs of the 
San Rafael Hills, affording the equestrian a variety 
of delightful rides. 

Eagle Rock on this ranch is well worthy a visit, be- 
ing the largest single rock in sight in the county. On 
its face a spread eagle has been carved by nature, 
having a particularly natural appearance at a little 
distance away, while the rock itself is a landmark for 
miles around. 

The ranch was evidently once the site of a large 
Indian village, as near the residence of the Messrs. 
Johnson many quaint implements have been found: 
mortars, pestles, scrapers, and round stones probably 
used in some game. 

SAN GABRIEL WINERY. 

From Raymond Hill to the south, the country de- 
scends gradually in a level plain, ending in the ridge 
of the Puente Hills. In the immediate foreground 
is Stoneman's ranch, with its old vineyards and adobe 
houses, and about two miles away is a large con- 
spicuous building, in the autumn surrounded by acres 
of green vineyards. This is Shorb's winery, the larg- 



28 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

•est in the State. The vineyards, which stretch away 
a mass of gnarled roots to the eastern eye, are in the 
autumn a green mass of leaves hiding hundreds of 
tons of ripening grapes. The vineyard covers about 
fifteen hundred acres, producing the mission, zinfandel, 
matoras, burger, and other varieties of grapes. 

This winery, the San Gabriel, is probably the largest 
in the world, the holding capacity of the cellar being 
about fifteen million gallons, the two crushing floors 
having a capacity of two hundred and fifty tons of 
grapes per day. If the stranger visitor visits this great 
establishment in the fall, the method of making wine 
can be observed, but in midwinter the machinery alone 
can be examined and the wines, dating back to about 
1873, sampled. 

Baldwin's ranch. 

Five miles east of Pasadena is the enormous ranch 
of E. J. Baldwin, or '' Lucky Baldwin," as some call 
him. It is said that it was Mr. Baldwin's ambition to 
own from the mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and one 
would judge by an afternoon drive over the ranch that 
he had nearly succeeded. The ranch contains large 
groves of orange, lime and lemon, English walnut, and a 
large vineyard covering many hundreds of acres. Mr. 
Baldwin employs colored help largely, and their quar- 
ters and the store constitute a small settlement. The 
residence of the owner is surrounded in part by a lake, 
and the grounds are laid out in an attractive manner. 
An interesting feature of the Baldwin ranch is the sta- 
ble, where many famous race horses have been reared 
and trained. Mr. Baldwin has a fine track, where the 
horses are exercised and educated for their trials in 
the East. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 29 

Here " Volante " was reared, "Molly McCarthy" 
and " Lucky B " ; the first-named being the best run- 
ning horse among the five-year-olds in America. The 
principal ranch of Mr. Baldwin is called Santa Anita, 
and reaches up to the canons of that name. It 
embraces about 10,000 acres. Other ranches owned 
by him in the vicinity are La Puente, 19,000 acres; 
San Francisquilo ranch, 6,000 acres ; Felipe Lugo 
ranch, 3,000 acres; Portero Grande, 5,000 acres; 
Merced, 3,000 acres, and Portero Chico, 100 acres; 
46,100 acres in all. 

rose's winery. 

Two miles west of Baldwin's, just south of Lamanda 
Park, is the winery of Mr. Rose, State senator. It is 
said that this ranks next to Shorb's as the largest in the 
world. One may see three hundred tons of grapes 
crushed daily here in the season. The wines are port, 
angelica, sherry, hock, muscatel, cucamonga, claret, 
blau elben and zinfandel. Large quantities of brandy 
are also made, and the enormous casks and tuns will 
well repay a visit. The orange grove on this ranch 
comprises over twelve thousand trees, and here is also 
a fine stable and racing track. The entire ranch has 
recently been sold to a syndicate of English capitalists. 
The oldest wine obtainable here is of the vintage of 
1873. Some idea of the importance of this industry 
may be formed when it is known that last year the 
total value of wine and brandy made in Southern Cali- 
fornia was over $3,000,000. A million and a half 
gallons of wine (a lake in itself) were shipped by sea, 
and three and a half millions by rail. Many of the 
large ranches are devoted to raisin-making, and at 



30 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

present California ships about seven hundred thousand 
pounds yearly. 

The ridge extending from the Raymond Hill directly 
east embraces some interesting ranches. The locality 
was originally a fine live-oak grove, and still retains 
much of its original beauty. Oak Knoll is the first of 
the series, and includes a large vineyard and orange 
grove and one of the most delightful drives leading away 
down a small canon and over a rustic bridge, taking the 
rider pleasantly to the Old Mission and Alhambra. 
From the crest of the hill the view is grand, comprising 
the valley to the east and the country about Puente 
and Duarte. Beyond Oak Knoll is a natural park, 
dotted here and there with Mexican houses, and finally 
the Shorb estate, having the same view, and in its 
grandeur of park surroundings calling to mind some of 
the old English places. Near here is the Winston 
ranch, with its ancient holdings, large groves and vine- 
yards, all telling of an older occupancy than is seen 
about Pasadena proper. 

A ride on Marengo Avenue for two miles takes us 
over a hill that rises abruptly just below Altadena, 
known as Monk Hill and Washington Heights. The 
monks did not originally live here ; the story is more 
prosaic : it was merely owned once by a Mr. Monk, 
who, had he held it until now, would have been a mil- 
lionaire. Grouped about the hill are some attractive 
homes, and upon the south slope stands the Painter 
Hotel. From the summit a fine view spreads away in 
every direction. In the near future this spot will prob- 
ably be utilized by a large hotel, a purpose for which 
it is admirably fitted. In the hollow near here you will 
find fair rabbit shooting, and not far away hear the 
love-notes of the pigeon, dove, and quail. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 3I 

THE OSTRICH FARM. 

A mile and a half from the centre, on the borders of 
the Arroyo Seco, between Devil's Gate and town, is the 
Pasadena ostrich farm, where it is proposed to establish 
a breeding station and carry on the business. A num- 
ber of birds have been placed here, and as a new and 
growing industry the farm is well worthy a visit. Horses 
are, as a rule, terrified by the birds, and it is well for 
drivers to bear this in mind. The birds are valued at 
from $T,ooo to $1,200 apiece, a high export duty 
being charged on both bird and eggs. 

The big or full-grown birds are plucked about once 
in seven months, each wing producing twenty-five 
plumes, valued at from $3 to $5 apiece. Thus a first- 
class bird may net $320 per year, and if the bird 
is a female the value of the eggs would have to be 
added to this, a good breeder laying from fifty to 
seventy eggs a year. 

The nest is a mere depression in the sand, generally 
containing twelve eggs, sometimes as many as sixteen. 
The birds divide the duties ; the hen sitting during the 
day and the cock at night. Forty-two days are required 
to complete the incubating process. 

When first born the young chicks resemble the Eng- 
lish hedgehog more than anything, being apparently 
covered with spines. After thirty days they are sepa- 
rated from the old birds. 

The latter are given alfalfa; each bird eating about 
forty pounds daily, besides corn, doura, cabbages, tur- 
nips, broken shell, etc. A flock of ten birds will eat 
in a year ninety tons of food. 

Hens in laying time lay every other day. Each egg 
tips the scales at about four pounds, and measures 



32 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

eighteen inches in circumference ; so a good layer 
will lay three hundred and sixty pounds of eggs a 
year, or twenty birds, seven thousand two hundred 
pounds. 

The chicks begin to pay at six months, when the first 
picking is begun. They live for eighty or one hundred 
years, and seem to have no special disease. 

The possibilities of this business are great if con- 
ducted on business principles. In Africa it ranks next 
to the diamond trade. There are at least sixty thousand 
birds in captivity there, which produce $7,000,000 
worth of feathers yearly, one half of which are sent to. 
America, and upon which a high duty is paid. An 
interesting ostrich farm and zoological garden can be 
visited at Los Feliz ranch, on the Los Angeles River 
six miles from town. It is reached from Pasadena by 
Garvanza or by crossing the Scoville trail and taking 
the Eagle Rock Valley road, following it due west to 
the Glendale Hotel ; the ranch is then in sight across 
the river. 



CHAPTER V. 

IN THE SIERRA MADRES. 

Millard, Eaton, Prieto, Las Flores, and other canons. Las Cacitas. The 
Brown, Gidding and Wilson trails. Switzer's retreat. 



T 



O the tourist the Sierra Madre Mountains are the 
most striking object about Pasadena. As a rule 
ranges rise heralded by foot-hills ; but here the grim 
granite wall looms up as if shot from the surface by 
some mighty cataclysm, and presents from the valley of 
San Gabriel a singularly abrupt appearance. It might 
be readily imagined that this range or ridge of peaks con- 
stituted the entire system ; but it is merely the begin- 
ning of a series of ranges that stretch forty miles or 
more away toward the desert, forming one of the 
most remarkable series of canons and impassable 
mazes in the country. It is a labyrinth that few have 
traversed — a mysterious region dangerous to enter 
without careful equipment, yet abounding in scenery 
of the grandest description. Deep canons with pre- 
cipitous walls, narrow valleys, huge trees, musical falls, 
places where the sun never reaches, weird caves, and 
mountain lakes are a few of the attractions found in 
this mountain system. 

To the artist the changes of tint and color and the 
cloud effects present a wonderful field. Morning and 
evening there is a constant panorama of wondrous 
shades of red, pink, purple, and gray succeeding one 
another. This can be enjoyed or appreciated at a dis-- 



34 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

tance ; but to fully realize the extent of the Sierra 
Madres and their grandeur they must be ascended or 
entered by some of the great canon portals that face 
the valley ; and during the winter, when the greens are 
particularly vivid, these retreats or green rivers offer 
every inducement to the stroller. 

ARROYO SECO CANON. 

Facing Pasadena there are a number of canons vary- 
ing to some extent in their general attractions. They 
are all about five miles from the centre of the city, 
and can be followed from one to fifteen miles. The 
largest is the Arroyo Seco, previously referred to. It 
enters the mountains at the junction of the La Canada 
and San Gabriel Valleys, and next to the San Gabriel 
is the finest and largest canon in the valley. 

It can be reached by carriage up Lincoln Avenue, or 
in the Arroyo itself. You pass a wild-grape embowered 
gateway, and are at once in the deep gorge of the 
canon. A fair carriage road winds around, crossing 
the trout stream many times, and leading to Bronks, 
three miles in. From here horses are necessary, and 
the entire road is better adapted for the equestrian than 
for carriages. It is an ideal drive, abounding in beau- 
tiful scenery and attractive situations, and in the win- 
ter it is often possible to gradually merge from the 
summer-land of the lower canon and enter the snow- 
banks of the upper range. By following the Arroyo 
Seco Canon for fifteen miles, Switzer's camp is 
reached, one of the most attractive resorts for the lover 
of mountain life in the range, and to some extent call- 
ing to mind the Adirondacks without the black flies. 

The Switzer trail is the result of months and almost 
years of hard work by C. P. Switzer and his men. Mr. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



35 



Switzer and his partner were invalids, and, possessing 
an inherent love for the mountains, they determined to 
make a home here. As a result they have recovered 
health ; and the place, having become famous as a 
resort, is visited by nearly every person who tarries in 
Southern California. An old Virginia welcome will be 
found at the camp, and an opportunity to try camp life 
under favorable circumstances. During the summer 
season, from March until the rains set in, is the most 
agreeable time to visit the camp. A burro train starts 
twice a week from the canon entrance, making the trip 
between the hours of nine and five. A letter addressed 
to Commodore Perry Switzer, Pasadena,. Cal, will place 
one in communication with the master of ceremonies. 

From the camp there are many trips to be made, as 
Virginia Fall, with its beautiful cascade, the deep canon 
below, where the walls rise and over-hang the chasm 
for two thousand feet. Here is the cave with its fan- 
tastic portiere of moss, while the cool stream abounds 
in trout of goodly size. 

A trail leads from the camp to the loftiest peak in 
the neighborhood — Mt. Disappointment, which has an 
altitude of about ten thousand feet, and from which a 
grand view of the mountain system is to be had. Be- 
yond are the barley flats, where deer are often seen, 
and the tracks of bear and mountain lion not rare. 
The vegetation here is interesting, especially the yucca, 
which blooms in early summer, sending up a tall stalk 
sometimes twenty feet in height, from which springs 
a cream-white mass of flowers. The trail passes 
through fine groves of manzanita and many plants of 
interest to the botanist, while about the camp are large 
pines and other forest trees. The trip to Switzer's can 



36 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

be made by going up one day and returning the next; 
but several days should be spent here, and it is fast 
becoming a popular summer resort, and especially in 
favor of artists, who find inspiration and subjects in 
the place. 

MILLARD CANON. 

Millard and Negro Canons enter the Arroyo at its 
mouth. The latter is small and accessible from Las 
Cacitas, affording a pleasant walk. Millard, on the 
contrary, is a large, well-wooded canon, one of the 
most beautiful in the range. The approach winds up 
over the Giddings's ranch, then falls suddenly into the 
canon, a road for carriages extending in for a mile or 
more. A good trail can now be followed, bringing the 
walker to the fall, half a mile away. The fall is sixty or 
seventy feet in height; of small capacity in the summer, 
but extremely picturesque : the water rushing from a 
hole in the rocks above, and gliding down a moss-cov- 
ered precipice into the pool below, where for centuries 
it has aroused musical echoes. Indeed, the fall reminds 
one of the silver strings of some musical instrument. 
The water dashes into a stone basin, which has been 
worn out in ages past, until it forms an amphitheatre. 
Here the trail ends ; but the adventurous climber can, 
by using the roots that project to the right, climb to 
the higher bed of the stream, and ascend to the upper 
end of the canon. 

By climbing directly up the side of the canon and 
keeping to the east, one may come out upon the Gid- 
dings's trail. Millard Canon is one of the most delight- 
ful resorts in the range, particularly during the mid- 
winter season, when one may stand amid the huge green 
brakes, the delicate ferns, and wealth of foliage, and look 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 37 

up at the snow banks almost directly overhead. From 
Pasadena and back it gives one a horseback or 
carriage ride of about twelve miles. In time the trail 
will probably be continued, so that the fall can be 
passed on horseback. 

Millard and Prieto or Negro Canons form a triangu- 
lar-shaped plateau that stands between the gorges. 
This is Las Cacitas, a famous health resort, the site of 
the Gleason Sanitarium. From it leads Brown's trail, 
so called for the sons of John Brown, Owen and Jason, 
who live here. This trail is one of the best in the range, 
and leads through a delightful region, abounding in 
many points of interest. It is the intention to continue 
the trail to the summit of Brown's Peak ; at present it 
reaches two thirds of the way up, from which point a 
magnificent view of the valley is obtained. 

On a conspicuous hill top the sons of John Brown 
have made their home, and many persons climb the 
hill to pay their respects to these old men who, many 
think, were, with their father, the first disturbers of the 
peace, that only came again when slavery was abolished. 
Owen Brown, the elder, a venerable appearing man, has 
passed through scenes that would have killed many 
stronger men ; and his famous retreat from Harper's 
Ferry is one of the most remarkable feats on record, 
showing indomitable energy and perseverance. Of 
the twenty-three persons who constituted the army of 
Brown at Harper's Ferry, only six escaped. Owen 
Brown conducted them over the mountains, swimming 
rivers, living on corn taken from the field, and of the 
entire party he alone lives to tell the story. Jason, the 
younger brother, was in many of the Kansas troubles, 
and escaped a violent death on many occasions by sim- 



38 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

pie good fortune. Both still live up to the principles 
that actuated their father, and are models of extreme 
conscientiousness. Farther up the canon or trail is the 
picturesque log cabin and summer home of Henry 
Thompson and wife, the latter the youngest daughter 
of John Brown. Mr. Thompson was one of his staunch- 
est supporters, and bears wounds received in the battle 
of " Black Jack." 

The Giddings' ranch, which occupies the plateau 
over which the trail passes, is an interesting location. 
Mr. Giddings is a nephew of the late Hon. Joshua R. 
Giddings, so prominent as an anti-slavery leader. The 
upper part of the plateau is the site of an old Indian 
camp, so old that nothing is known about it. The 
writer has wandered over it after the plow of the 
owner, and seen many mortars and pestles of this ancient 
people thrown up. From here begins the Giddings' 
trail, available for horse, pony, or burro, winding away 
up the mountains, and overlooking Millard Canon for its 
entire length. From here, also, a magnificent view of 
the valley is to be had. Pasadena is at your feet, a 
vast crazy quilt, or checker-board colored in many 
tints and hues. An altitude of three thousand five 
hundred feet or more can be attained here without 
leaving the saddle. 

To the east of Millard Caiion along the foot-hills the 
largest olive orchard in the world has been planted, and 
many small canons cut the mountains, of interest to the 
stroller. Then comes Las Flores Canon, with its profu- 
sion of flowers, looking down on Poppy Land. A mile 
or more to the east the great gorge of Eaton's Canon is 
seen, winding away much as the Arroyo, though it is 
not accessible by horse. The walk in is over a trail 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 39 

environed by bowlders torn from the upper range by 
winter torrents, and takes one into one of the wildest 
and most picturesque portions of the fronting range. 
The fall is within a short walk of the entrance, and rep- 
resents the drainage of a large area. 

These canons are comparatively dry in summer, yet 
the stream in winter is often a rushing torrent, carry- 
ing all before it. The writer was once detained for 
two days by the Millard Canon stream, that in mid- 
summer almost disappears. A cloud-burst in the moun- 
tain filled it to overflowing, and the noise of the bowl- 
ders, literally bowled down from the upper range, was 
deafening and a continuous reverberating roar. Such 
occurrences are rare, and usually the canons, winter 
and summer, are delightful retreats — rivers of green, 
in which one may stand and look upward and see the 
blue sky outlined far above. 

East of Eaton Canon are some of the finest of the 
upland ranches : Kinneloa, reaching far up to the 
mountams, embracing many acres of oranges of every 
variety from the mandarin to the Washington Navel. 
The residence of the owner is one embowered, winter 
and summer, with flowers and tropical plants, vines, 
and trees. Below is Edge CliiT, the home of Dr. Murry ; 
and near by is the Sanitarium ; while the Sierra Madre 
Villa, the residence of Mr. Carter, and many others 
lead one to the towns of Sierra Madre, Monrovia, and 
beyond. At Sierra Madre we find a delightful loca- 
tion. Here is the home of Professor Lewis, R. A., 
whose studio is the centre of art interest here, and 
whose sketches and studies of the mountains have 
attracted attention in Europe. 



40 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY 



VERDUGO CANONS. 



The range of hills known as the Verdugo Mountains, 
seen outlined in blue from Pasadena over the San 
Rafael hills, abounds in pleasant canons, from nearly 
all of which trails lead up to the summits. The author 
has made the ascent on horseback, and it is practicable 
to those who do not mind some hard riding in the 
brush. Once on the peaks, they can be followed 
for a long distance, affording views of the country, 
particularly to the west, that well repay the climb — 
Los Angeles is at your feet, and the valley before us 
stretches away as far as the eye can reach toward 
Ventura. The town of Glendale is marked by the 
large hotel, and the patch of live-oaks nestled beneath 
the foot-hills of the Sierra Santa Monica range, or its 
western terminus across the Los Angeles River, 
tell of the ostrich farm and Beauchamp's Zoological 
Garden. 

The Verdugo (Green) Mountains are eight miles 
from Pasadena, and can be reached by the La Canada 
Valley road, the drive down the big Verdugo Canon 
being particularly pleasant, or by crossing Scoville's 
trail and taking the Eagle Rock Valley road, or by Gar- 
vanza. Old Mexican houses, camps of semi-Indians, 
and quaint hovels here and there lend an interest to 
the trip. To the equestrian a cross-country cut, tak- 
ing the hills as they come, is often productive of much 
pleasure, not to speak of torn habits. The Verdugo 
Hills afford fair deer shooting in season, A good 
pack of fox hounds and some one familiar with the 
range, as Mr. Jean Giddings, are indispensable to the 
sport. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 4I 

LINCOLN PARK. 

We are in imagination following the mountain ranges 
around to the west, and, returning from the Verdugo 
Hills, pass Garvanza. Directly opposite and extend- 
ing along the arroyo edge are a series of hills, small 
canons, and ravines, forming delightful rides and walks. 
The hills overlook the cities of Pasadena and Los 
Angeles, and are rich in green in the winter ; while the 
perennial live-oaks that skirt their borders give them 
an attractive appearance even in summer. In the 
miniature valleys the wild mustard grows, rising five 
or six feet in slender shafts, topped with yellow blos- 
soms, as if a shower of floss had fallen from the skies. 
From the hill top this is a veritable golden-yellow 
sea, shimmering and gleaming in the cool trade wind. 
Then descend and ride in the golden mass, the flowers 
meeting around your horse's head, see the bunches 
of violets springing up at every step, watch the 
meadow-lark rise, and hear its glorious melody, — all 
this, on Christmas day, perhaps, is the privilege of 
the winter stroller in the San Gabriel. Under the 
oaks and the vine-clad sycamores of the adjacent arroyo 
the Pasadena Hunt Club has its meets, and follows the 
hounds after the wild cat and coyote, that abound here. 

PUENTE HILLS. 

To the east of the Lincoln Park hills, that shadow the 
little town of that name and reach away quite to Los 
Angeles, and through which winds the old adobe road 
to the City of the Angels, is a ridge of low hills that 
trend to the east, seemingly culminating in Mount Santa 
Ana, in the southern country, where Modjeska has taken 
up her summer home in the San Antonio Canon. In 



42 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

the winter they are rich in greens, and one can ride 
over them on horseback to much profit. Several 
passes or cuts bear roads leading to the south, Santa 
Ana, Orange, and San Juan Capistrano. The range 
is about three miles directly south of The Raymond, 
and among the hills in winter is a small lake that in 
season abounds in duck and geese. The hills to the 
east are cut by the San Gabriel River, and on the south 
slope is the town of Whittier, with Santa Fe Springs 
three miles away. The river bottom, with its wealth of 
trees, and the vicinity is of particular interest to tourists 
on account of the many old Mexican ranches. Old 
adobe houses and ruins are met with here and there, 
and men, women, and children, to whom the English 
language is an unknown tongue. The old Spanish 
customs still prevail. Huge grape vines form a rajnada, 
or out-door room ; the stone metate, mortar and pestle, 
are familiar objects in the hard, smooth dooryard, 
while red peppers and an odor of tomalies give a dis- 
tinctively foreign flavor to the scene. 

The writer has enjoyed many of these localities when 
riding over the country on horseback. In this manner 
out-of-the-way places, houses, and bits of quaint Spanish 
or Mexican life, unsuspected so near the great and grow- 
ing American cities, can be visited. They are all within 
a day's drive from Pasadena. If in winter after a rain, 
the panorama of the range capped with snow, seen over 
green orange trees, is incomparable, indeed, inspiring ; 
while in summer the succession of tints on the slopes, 
the deepening of the shadows as they creep from the 
canons, and the fading of the glow, finally changing 
from purple to deeper gloom, are spectacles peculiar to 
the southern range. 



CHAPTER VI. 

THE SAN GABRIEL MISSION. 

Its history. The early fathers and Indians. San Gabriel. El Molino. Old 
people. The work of the fathers. Famous gardens. Old vines and palms. 

OASADENA proper is the prototype of an eastern 
■*■ city, with a pedigree dating back into the last cen- 
tury. Its residences show the marks of eastern culture 
and refinement ; and, if the stranger could be suddenly 
set down on Orange Grove Avenue or Colorado Street, 
he or she might well imagine themselves in some New 
England city of beautiful homes, where, in some myste- 
rious manner, palms, bananas, guavas, and pomegran- 
ates were growing. 

In other words, though built up in a country where 
the traditions are all of Spanish or Mexican origin, 
Pasadena is a thoroughly American city, and its Mex- 
ican inhabitants can be almost counted on the fingers. 
This is somewhat disappointing to the tourist who 
would prefer to find some relics of an older occupation, 
a Sonora town, perchance. If Pasadena does not pos- 
sess this feature in her immediate borders, she has in 
San Gabriel, an adjoining town, really a suburb three 
miles away, one of the most interesting Spanish settle- 
ments in Southern California. From The Pvaymond, in 
East Pasadena, San Gabriel is reached by riding south- 
east by Stoneman's ranch ; and from Pasadena proper a 
delightful way is by Oak Knoll. San Gabriel is, accord- 
ing to some jovial authorities, the original spot where 
a man was killed to start a graveyard. People rarely 



44 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

•die here, so we are told ; at least, they seem disposed 
to live on to preposterous ages. The author enjoyed 
the acquaintance of an old lady of San Gabriel who, it 
was said, was at least one hundred and seventeen years 
old. The last time I visited her, some weeks before 
her death, she sat with her grandchild, herself an old 
woman, upon a rude bed against the wall, in which were 
cracks through which the wind blew freely. Perhaps 
it was this very life in the open air that produced this 
longevity. Another old lady, Senora Eulalia Perez de 
Guilen, died here in 1878, at the ripe old age of one 
hundred and forty years. She was born below San 
Diego, in Lower California, in 1735, three years 
after the birth of George Washington ; in 1854 she mar- 
ried Francisco Villabobas de Zavia, who died aged one 
hundred and twelve years. Many old people still 
reside here. 

San Gabriel village abounds in old places and 
ranches. The main street is truly Mexican, and 
given over to wine shops. Low crumbling adobes are 
sandwiched in between John's laundry ; and black- 
haired children, men with broad sombreros, on horses 
accoutred after the Mexican fashion, the saddles gaudily 
bedecked with silver, clanking spurs, all point to the 
conclusion that here, indeed, is a Mexican town. On 
Sundays, when the wine shops are thronged, the musical 
notes of the old Mission bells — the same that have 
called the faithful for many years — come stealing over 
the senses like a memory of the past. Everything 
about the town but the wine is old. The adobes 
are the same that were in use nearly a hundred years 
ago ; and lofty palms, grape vines like trees, old ratn- 
adas, point to an ancient occupation. The town has 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 45 

the appearance of going to decay, and in this instance 
appearances are not deceitful. In former days this 
locality was the great agricultural centre of Southern 
California, and around the old Mission was grouped a 
municipality so powerful that this very fact produced 
its downfall by exciting the jealousy of the powers that 
were. 

The most important and noticeable remnant of this 
olden time is the San Gabriel Mission, a long adobe 
building at the end of the principal street of the town. 




THE SAN GABRIEL MISSION. 



On Sundays and feast days it is open for service, and 
at any time tourists may visit it, though expected to 
give the person who shows them about some little 
contribution for the church or poor. This is not 
demanded or even asked, the Mexicans being proverb- 
ially modest and retiring. The old building has lately 
been repaired, and presents a good appearance, though 
its interior decorations may verge on the barbaric. 

On entering from the warm outside air, the chill is 
sensibly felt, and it seems damp, though not, in fact. 
The walls are plastered in a rough manner, and orna- 
mented with rude paintings representing the saints 



46 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

and other subjects dear to the Church of Rome. At 
the west end stands the altar, with its meagre decora- 
tions, and about the asphaltum floor are a few benches, 
the worshipers formerly sitting upon the floor. On 
the east end is a galler}^, reached from without by stone 
steps, and here a choir of Mexican women sing. A 
chime of four bells hangs in the tower, and much con- 
troversy has risen as to where they were cast. Accord- 
ing to the old tradition of the Mission, they were sent 
from Spain ; but, according to Father Bot, there is an 
entirely different version and probably the true one. 

This authority states that the largest bell was bought 
from a North Prussia ship, that anchored at San Pedro, 
and paid for in the coin of the realm — hides, tallow, etc. 
Another bell was cast in Boston, and paid for in the 
same way ; and the rest may have been cast in Spain. 
The tower is cut for six bells, and a mock bell of wood 
filled one of the spaces for some time ; this and another 
bell have mysteriously disappeared, and perhaps orna- 
ment the collection of some relic hunter. With its 
high windows (so that bullets could not enter), its 
heavy, thick walls, and quaint furniture, the old Mission 
is one of the most interesting features of the locality. 

On the west end of the Mission building is the house 
of the presiding priest, with its garden, old grape vine, 
and paved hall. Here many of the ancient records 
may be seen. To the north extends the cemetery, 
thickly beset with white crosses, where Spaniards, Mex- 
icans, and Indians await the resurrection. 

Opposite the Mission building is the old Mission 
garden, with the oldest vines, orange, olive, and pome- 
granate trees in the country. Formerly there were two 
lofty date palms here. One was destroyed by some 




INTERIOR OF THE SAN GABRIEL MISSION. 



48 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

vandal years ago, but the other stands as a monument 
to the olden days. Up the street from the Mission are 
some peculiar adobe buildings, falling to decay, sup- 
posed to have been guard-houses in which drunken 
Indians were confined. To the east of the Mission, 
one may still see remnants of the old tuna or cactus 
hedge that originally inclosed effectually the Mission 
and its grounds. 

Those parts still extant show what a formidable 
chevaux de frise this was, presenting a front of spines 
from ten to fifteen feet in height. The cactus is the 
large variety known as the " Prickly Pear," and plants 
from it may be seen in Pasadena, about The Raymond, 
and in many towns. 

All the Mission grapes in Southern California prob- 
ably came from the " Mother Vineyard " here. The 
vines were dug up and carried off to various parts of 
the state, and on the old road leading through it the 
holes from which the huge roots were taken can be 
plainly seen. 

Life in San Gabriel among the Mexicans passes in 
easy indifference ; they have little or no interest in 
American affairs, and existence seems a continuous 
season of dolcefar niente. The men dash up the narrow 
street on their well-bred horses, and sit the day long 
smoking and talking, and are, according to some rea- 
soners, true philosophers, who succeed in obtaining a 
vast amount of comfort from life at a minimum display 
of exertion. 

HISTORY OF THE MISSION. 

The rise and fall of the San Gabriel Mission in years 
to come will occupy an important page in the early 
history of Southern California, and the events of its 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



49« 



growth to a powerful centre and its subsequent decay 
are tinged with romance and highly exciting episodes, 
secular and ecclesiastical. 

In the i8th century the revolt against the powerful 
order of Jesuits was consummated, and the priests and 
workers were driven from Spain and forced to relin- 
quish their authority in all her provinces. They had 
obtained a firm foot-hold in Lower California, estab- 
lished many missions, and added to their power in 
every way ; but by the edict of the home government 
the result of seventy years' labor was turned over to 
the Franciscans, and the Jesuit missions became tribu- 
tary to the friars of the College of San Fernando, 
Mexico, who were then governed by Father Junipero 
Serra. From their predecessors the Franciscans, 
learned much about Upper California ; while the logs 
of Cabrillo and Viscayno gave them minute informa- 
tion regarding the possibilities of establishing the 
Church in the little known land, from San Diego to 
Monterey, and finally it was determined to found 
three missions — one at San Diego, one at Monterey (or 
where these cities now stand), and another at some 
intermediate location, to be determined later. In per- 
suance of this plan, two expeditions were planned — one 
to proceed over land, and the other by water, under 
the command of the Father President and Visitador 
General, appointed by the king. Three ships were 
loaded with seeds and various implements needed in 
the establishment of a community, and the overland 
train drove cattle. With the exception of one ship, the 
San Jose, they reached San Diego Bay in safety, and 
on July i6, 1769, the mission of San Diego was founded. 
The Monterey Mission w^as established in 1770, fol- 



50 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

lowed by San Antonio, a short distance away, in 
1771. 

The success which attended these efforts was so 
encouraging, that a fourth mission was decided upon, 
the present site of San Gabriel was selected, and the 
following account is abridged from the life of Chief 
Missionary Father Junipero Serra, written by Father 
Palon in Mexico 1787 : " On the loth of August, 
1771, " says Father Palon, "the Father Prior Pedro 
Cambon and Father Angel Somera, guarded by ten 
soldiers, with the muleteers and beasts requisite to 
carry the necessaries, set out from San Diego, and 
traveled northward by the same route as the former 
expedition for Monterey had gone. After proceeding 
about forty leagues, they arrived at the river called 
Temblores ; and while they were in the act of examining 
the ground, in order to fix a proper place for the Mis- 
sion, a multitude of Indians presented themselves, 
setting up horrid yells, and seemed determined to 
oppose the establishment of the Mission. 

" The fathers, fearing that war would ensue, took out 
a piece of cloth having thereon the image of Our Lady 
de los Dolores, and held it up to the view of the bar- 
barians. This was no sooner done than the whole 
were quiet, being subdued by the sight of this most 
precious image. . . . 

" They then informed the whole of the neighborhood 
of what had taken place ; and the people in large num- 
bers — men, women, and children — soon came to see 
the Holy Virgin, bringing food which they put before her, 
thinking she required to eat as others. In this way 
the gentiles of the Mission of San Gabriel were so 
entirely changed that they frequented the establish- 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 51 

ment without reserve, and hardly knew how much 
to express their pleasure that the Spaniards had come 
to settle in their country. 

"Under these favorable auspices the fathers pro- 
ceeded to found the Mission with the accustomed cere- 
monies, and celebrated the first mass under a tree on 
the Nativity of the Virgin, the 8th day of September, 
1771." 

The object of the Franciscans was to convert the 
Indians, and this they undoubtedly did in many cases. 
But the establishment of the Mission was the death- 
knell of the race, and to-day, one hundred and seven 
years later, the pure-blooded Indian is a rara avis ; so 
it is a question whether the conversion that results in 
extinction is altogether desirable. 

When the good fathers entered the limits of what is 
now Los Angeles County, they found about forty villages, 
each of which was under the control of an hereditary 
governor or chief. Their religious belief would satisfy 
nine people out of ten to-day. They believed in one God, 
and, instead of appealing to him by name, referred to his 
many attributes. Every village had a circular wicker- 
work church. The habits of these people were simple. 
They used stone implements ; mortars, pestles, etc. 
Their money consisted of round pieces of shell, twenty- 
four feet of which was equal to about a dollar, so that 
their coinage was as cumbersome as that represented 
by the trade-dollar of the Americans. Despite their 
alleged war-like demonstrations, they were probably 
a peaceful people, easily influenced by their white 
masters, and were undoubtedly utilized by them in 
the work of building up the Mission. Indeed, some 
writers do not hesitate to say that the Indians were 



52 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

little less than slaves, and in the sixty years of Fran- 
ciscan domination they became dissolute, helpless, and 
dependent, to such an extent that their extinction as a 
race was but a matter of time. 

The first Mission building, or " Mission Vieja, " 
was built on a picturesque slope near the river San 
Gabriel, near a well-wooded trail, and where the rush 
of waters could be heard winter and summer. As to 
the experiences of the founders little is known. The 
Mission must have resembled the old one at Santa Fe. 
Its walls were of mud or adobe, held in shape at first 
by boards, while at intervals were blocks of wood to 
strengthen it. 

This rude building was used until about 1791, when 
it was given up and another Mission established five 
miles northwest, in the direction of what is now Pasa- 
dena. The reasons for this move can hardly be appre- 
ciated to-day. One was that the building was con- 
sidered unsafe by reason of earthquakes, and the other 
that the position was too exposed, rendering the 
Mission liable to the attacks of war-like Indians. The 
location of the " old Mission " is still to be recognized 
by the adobe ruins of the church that surmount a hill 
in the midst of a rambling Mexican village. 

After much discussion the second Mission church 
was established, about twelve hundred feet north of 
the present San Gabriel Mission. It was far more pre- 
tentious than the first one ; was of adobe, and had eight 
pillars of brick, and arches of graceful form and de- 
sign. 

Earthquakes, which are rarely if ever experienced 
here now, rendered this building defective. This, with 
the largely increasing flock demanding more room. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 53 

necessitated a still larger edifice, and as a result the 
third and existing mission was erected in 1804. 

This building, which is of rather a gloomy aspect, 
intended as a defence as well as a church, is long and 
narrow, and built of stone, with ten brick-plastered 
buttresses, giving it great strength. The belfry is to 
the west, pierced for six bells, and is picturesque and 
rather artistic in design. To the east end an outside 
staircase of stone leads to the galleries. 

The original roof was of tiling, and much more taste- 
ful than the present one ; but the red tiles laid over and 
over made so heavy a weight that about twenty years 
ago they were removed and plain shingles substituted. 
Various buildings were built at the time, notably two 
mills, one of which is of great interest and will be 
referred to later on. About the new Mission, gardens 
were planted, and, with hundreds of Indians to do the 
work, soon a large, valuable, and influential settlement 
was established. Several fathers had the charge, but 
while under Padre Jose Maria Salvadea it attained its 
highest perfection as an agricultural district and a cen- 
tre of ecclesiastical power. 

He systematized everything, and planted trees of all 
kinds, recognizing the wonderful productive nature of 
the soil. The " Mother Vineyard," consisting of three 
thousand vines, was increased to over one hundred and 
fifty thousand. He planted the first orange trees in 
America on this spot, in about 1820, and they came 
into bearing when the first Los Angeles orchard was 
established in 1834. The gardens in those days pre- 
sented a most delightful appearance. The vineyards 
were intersected with walks. Pomegranate trees formed 
divisional hedges. Roses were also made to do hedge- 



54 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

duty, and a wealth of verdure sprang up in the village. 
About the gardens, vineyards, orange and olive groves 
was planted the huge cactus fence, portions of which 
are still standing, and to which reference has already 
been made. 

According to Hugo Reid, " The people were divided 
into classes and vocations. These included soapmakers, 
tanners, shoemakers, carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, 
cooks, brick and tile makers, musicians, tallow-melters, 
pigeon-tenders, saddle-makers, deer and sheep-skin 
dressers, people of all work — everything but coop- 
ers ; these were foreign, all the rest being native In- 
dians. 

" Large soap-works were erected, tanning-yards estab- 
lished, tallow-works, and shops of various kinds, large 
spinning-rooms, where might be seen fifty or sixty 
women, turning their spindles merrily, and looms for 
weaving wool, flax, and cotton. . . . 

"A principal head (major-domo) commanded and 
superintended over all. Claudio Lopez was the 
famed one during Padre Salvadea's administration, 
and, although only executing the priests' plans, in the 
minds of the people he is the real hero. . . . There 
were a great many major-domos under him for all 
kinds of work, from tending horses down to those 
superintending crops, and in charge of vineyards 
and gardens. . . . The best looking youths were kept 
as pages to attend table, and those of most musical 
talent were reserved for church service." 

The manner of living in these good old times at 
the San Gabriel Mission is best told by the following 
bill of fare. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 55 

FIRST COURSE. 

Caldo. 
Plain broth, in which meat and vegetables have been boiled.) 

SECOND COURSE. 

La Olla. 
(Boiled meats.) 

THIRD COURSE. 

Al Botidigas. 
(Forced meat balls, in gravy.) 

FOURTH COURSE. 

Guisados. 

(Stews — generally two.) 

FIFTH COURSE. 

Azado. 
(Roast beef, nmtton, game, fowls.) 

SIXTH COURSE. 

(Fruit and Sweetmeats.) 

SEVENTH COURSE. 

(Tea, coffee, cigarritos.) 

Different wines were served with this, and, if me 
old fathers were not epicures, indeed monarchs ia 
their way, they fell little short of it. 

Father Salvadea's ambition was to make the Mis- 
sion the most powerful and beautiful in the country ; but 
unfortunately there is even in the church envy and jeal- 
ousy, and suddenly the good padre was ordered to Saa 
Juan Capistrano by his superior, where he pined away, 
lost his reason, and finally died, a victim to envy, as it 
was his intellect, his master-mind, that conceived and 
carried out the great works. Salvadea was a ripe 
scholar. He was the first Spaniard who acquired the 
Indian language. He formulated a grammar, translated 
the church service into their tongue, and preached to 
them in the Mission chapel in their own language — a 
practice that was not kept up after his removal. 



56 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

A glance at the old ranch, as one rides through, tells 
but indifferently the story of its former productiveness. 
As late as 183 1, a season's produce was at a very low 
estimate as follows : Wheat, 3,500 bushels ; corn, 1,000 
bushels; frixol, 32.5; beans, 62.5 ; total, 4,595 bushels. 
The domestic animals belonging to the Mission were : 
Cattle, one hundred thousand ; horses, four thousand ; 
mules, one thousand ; swine, one thousand. Besides 
this, the Mission possessed large bands of wild horses 
and other possessions of great value. They owned in 
reality the entire country, and the twenty-one missions 
which were founded as follows were but points of van- 
tage, forts armed with ecclesiastical guns and spiritual 
powder : — 

MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA. 

Date of founding, and population in 1803, as given 
by Von Humboldt : 

Males. Females. Total. 

1769 San Diego ']y] 822 1,559 

1770 San Carlos (Carmelo) . . . . 376 312 688 

1771 San Gabriel 532 515 1,047 

1771 San Antonio de Padua. . . . 56S 484 1,052 

1772 San Luis Obispo 374 325 699 

1776 San Juan Capistrano .... 502 511 1,013 

1776 San Francisco 433 381 814 

1777 Santa Clara 736 555 1,291 

1782 San Buenaventura 436 502 938 

1786 Santa Barbara 521 572 1,093 

1787 La Purisima Concepcion . . . 457 571 1,028 

1791 Soledad 296 267 563 

1794 Santa Cruz 238 199 437 

1797 San Jose 327 295 622 

1797 San Miguel 309 305 614 

1797 San Fernando 317 297 614 

1797 San Juan Bautista 530 428 958 

1798 San Luis Rey Francia. . . . 256 276 532 

7,945 7»6i7 15,562 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. cy 

The Spanish government laid out certain rules which 
the missionaries were supposed to follow. Thus, ten 
years after the founding of a mission, it was to become 
2i pueblo, or town, and the property taken originally by 
the Mission was, after the modern communistic plan, to 
be divided up among the natives, who, it was assumed, 
were now good Catholics, and capable of living like 
Spaniards. But the missions had become too valuable, 
the Indians were looked upon as brutes, and it became 
the policy of the missionaries (though Catholics 
will deny this) to give the Indians just information 
enough, not too much. So, in reality they were little less 
than slaves, and, being supported in this way, they 
became year by year more and more dependent. 

The friars were their absolute masters, and up to 
1822 they governed the work here like kings. In that 
year Mexico threw off the yoke of allegiance, and per- 
sons envious of the right royal life lived by the padres 
began to inquire why the pueblos had not formed, and 
the property been divided up. After much contro- 
versy, laws were passed declaring the Indians free, 
and putting certain limitations upon the power of the 
padres. 

As an experiment, San Juan Capistrano, about thirty 
miles away, was constituted a village, but it was too 
late. Suddenly deprived of their masters, accountable 
to no one, the Indians seemed utterly unable to control 
themselves, and fell into such habits of drunkenness and 
vice that in less than twelve months the lawmakers 
saw their mistake, and the decree was repealed, so that 
the padres again assumed the role of masters. Still, 
the outcry against the missions continued. ''How is 
it," asked inquisitive statesmen of the home govern- 



58 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

ment, "that these Franciscans who profess poverty, 
and who claim to be followers of Saint Francis, who 
'repudiated all idea of poverty,' live like princes? " 
This question was difhcult to answer, and the Francis- 
can fathers went on improving the place, and growing 
richer and richer every year, until finally in 1834 envy 
and jealousy found its voice in an order from the gov- 
ernment which resulted in the secularization of the 
missions. The charge was made that the priests were 
so taken up with agriculture that the spiritual welfare 
of the Indians was altogether forgotten. So it came 
that the missionaries were relieved from the adminis- 
tration of temporalities, and instructed to devote them- 
selves more to matters of their calling. It need hardly 
be said that the friars did not give up their work with- 
out a struggle. For sixty-four years their order had 
labored to perfect the Mission and its ranches, and 
now to relinquish all to a colony sent from Mexico 
was too much, and, according to certain authorities, 
they did resist. It is said that much of the work was 
destroyed, vast herds of cattle killed, groves cut down, 
and buildings demolished. It is only just to say that 
this has been denied, though many believe that the 
Franciscans preferred to see their place destroyed 
rather than have it fall into the hands of strangers. In 
1840 most of the buildings were, according to Hon. 
B. D. Wilson, in good condition ; but since then the 
Church has shown little if any attempt to keep up the 
place, and so it has gone to decay. The Indians, — 
where are they ? This will be an interesting question 
for the tourist to solve. A few old people still linger 
around the Mission, but the larger number have died 
out or are represented by scattering bands down in 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 59 

the mountains at Pauma, Pachanga, and Cahuilla. 
To them conversion meant extinction. 

OLD RANCHES. 

In driving to the Mission a number of old ranches 
are passed which are well worthy a visit. Near The 
Raymond is Los Robles (The Oaks), the ranch of Gov- 
ernor Stoneman, which embraces about four hundred 
acres, nearly all under cultivation. The vineyard which 
stretches away on either side of the drive produces 
about eight hundred tons of Mission grapes per year, 
or four tons per acre. The orange trees are of 
the seedling variety, and are about seventeen years old. 
The water is equ'valent to fifty miner's inches, and 
comes from springs up the little canon. 

Next to the Stoneman place just across the Uttle 
arroyo, over a wooden bridge, is the Hutchinson ranch, 
interesting as being one of the very old ones. Here 
are many curious Indian relics that have been dug up 
on the place, and some fine specimens of cork trees. 
They are forty feet in height, and about seven feet in 
circumference at the surface. It is the bark of this 
tree that affords the cork of commerce. When the 
trees are from twelve to fifteen years old, the cork or 
bark is stripped off once in six or eight years. On this 
ranch, a part of which was a Mission garden, are some 
grape vines estimated at eighty-five years old. The 
vines still yield bountifully, but differ to some extent 
from the Mission variety. Sixty pounds are still taken 
from single small vines. The grapes are almost seed- 
less, — within one of it, — literally possessing but one 
seed each. 



«60 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



EL MOLINO. 

To the north of this ranch, reached by a drive 
through a fine grove of English walnuts, stands one 
of the ancient landmarks of the Mission days — the 
old mill under the bluff, overshadowed by ancient 
willows, with live oaks near at hand, and a wealth of 
semi-tropical fruits and flowers. Here among singing 
pines nestled in a cool retreat, an ideal spot, stands 
El Molino, or the old mill, one of the most romantic 
spots in the neighborhood; and sitting beneath the 
great pines, listening to their soft musical murmur ris- 
ing and falling on the breeze, one can give full play to 
the imagination. 

As to the age of El Molino, no one knows, and there 
is no exact record of its builders ; so in a way it is as 
mysterious as the mill in Newport, R. I. The mill 
was probably built by the old friars, either at the time 
•of the old Mission or the existing one. In 1859 Colonel 
E. J. C. Kewen bought it, and, after improving the place, 
established his home there. The building then, as 
near as can be determined, was exactly as it was orig- 
inally, and many of the trees about the place were 
planted by the old fathers. 

At this time the building was fifty-five feet long and 
twenty-four feet broad. So heavy and solid is it, that 
it might have been intended as a fort ; the walls are 
heavy and ponderous, and by actual measurement six 
leet thick. 

The room made into a parlor by the last occupant 
had two small deep windows, protected by iron bars 
and heavy wooden shutters, showing that the builders, 
whoever they were, considered that protection was 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 6 1 

necessary ; and as to the strength and durability of the 
wall we are informed by Alice P. Adams that to enlarge 
these windows to a modern size required a man forty 
days, or twenty days to a window. 

The mill stands at the entrance of a little canon, 
and on the eastern side we see the two large 
arches in which the mill machinery was supported, 
and where the huge wheel revolved. Here Colonel 
Kewen added a room, so that the general appearance 
is changed to some extent. The lower side of the 
building is marked by two large buttresses of conical 
shape, built of stone, and decorated or covered with a 
coating of cement. 

From beneath one of the buttresses flows a single 
stream of water, probably coming from a spring. The 
flow, according to the people who have lived in the 
vicinity, has not diminished for thirty years, despite 
dry and unfavorable seasons, probably finding its source 
far below the surface. The spring now flows into or 
forms a pool, surrounded by callas, whose luxuriance 
has become a proverb. Over five hundred have been 
picked at one time without entirely depleting the sup- 
ply. It is told of an Eastern lady who came to South- 
ern California in January, in breaking up her home in 
the East, a calla, that had been nursed through many 
a winter, was preserved and brought in the cars with 
the greatest care. The lady's friends met her at San 
Gabriel, and on the way to Pasadena jokingly took her 
to see the callas of El Molino, when it is said that the 
petted flower was cast aside. 

Originally the roof of the mill was of tiling ; but it 
proved a famous camping-ground for rats, bats, skunks, 
and owls, so they were finally replaced by shingles. 



62 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

The old mill, which is going to decay again, is the prop- 
erty of the Mayberry estate, and I believe the building 
is unoccupied. The flowers are neglected, rose bushes 
have run wild, and the adobe structure in the near 
vicinity, used by Colonel Kewen as a billiard-room, is 
given over to the " Heathen Chinee." 

A ride to El Molino on a moonlight night in sum- 
mer is a delightful experience. The moonbeams 
streaming down through the willow branches form fan- 
tastic figures ; the mournful note of the wood dove 
comes softly ; great bats dart noiselessly about, and 
far up the little canon we may hear mayhaps the cry 
of the wild-cat or coyote. The stream splashes gently, 
and the callas about the old fountain, neglected and 
overgrown, gleam like phantoms. Never was a place 
better adapted for ghosts ; and, if some sad-eyed, fair- 
haired woman is not seen walking about, or the clank- 
ing of chains occasionally heard, it is because the 
romancers have not done their duty. 



THE WILSON RANCH. 

Adjoining the mill property is the old Lake Vine- 
yard ranch, the property of the heirs of the late Hon. 
B. D. Wilson. He purchased the property from Huge 
Reid in 1852. It was then very much as the Mission 
Fathers had left it. There were some ancient orange, 
pear, and olive trees, twenty thousand vines, and an 
extensive peach orchard, through the centre of which 
extended a broad avenue with a double row of pome- 
granate trees, which, with their richly colored flowers, 
presented a magnificent appearance. Originally this 
road led to the lake, and the entire orchard was 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 63 

inclosed by an adobe wall ; the latter was taken down 
some years ago, and the estate planted with vines. 

The Wilson homestead is a large, roomy house, of 
brick and adobe, costing in 1854 about $20,000, nearly 
half of which, according to Miss Adams, was spent 
on the roof. Beneath the house is a large wine 
cellar. Mr. Wilson was a man of great intelli- 
gence, and the pioneer of all the improvements 
of the day. He planted the second orange grove in 
San Gabriel. Wilson's Peak, the highest mountain in 
the vicinity, bears his name, and he built the trail now 
in use up the mountain, his object being to obtain 
lumber for barrel-staves. The trail cost $6,000, and 
€very stave was brought down on a burro. 

In the estimation of the writer, the most delightful 
region about Pasadena is the old Wilson estate. It is 
now known as Wilson's pasture, and has against all rea- 
son been sold in acre lots. It is a natural park of the 
most beautiful description, and should have been pre- 
served as one. There are several small canons of 
surpassing beauty, groves of live oak, — many of the 
trees giants, overhung with wild grape, — huge syca- 
mores, on whose branches the great California condor 
rests, and fine level stretches ; in all embodying all the 
requisites of a fine park. Wilson's canon and pasture 
are now fenced in, but permission can be obtained to 
drive through ; and this choice spot, blooming with 
flowers in mid-winter, should not be neglected in strolls 
about Pasadena. Near here is San Morino, the home 
of J. De Barth Shorb, Esq., son-in-law of Mr. Wilson. 
The attractive Mission Canon divides the properties, 
and here springs the stream that provides San Gabriel 
Mission with its water. From the front of San Morino 



§4 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

a view of great beauty is seen, especially in the 
direction of Puente and the valley. This imposing 
mansion is surrounded by a wealth of tropical vegeta- 
tion, sago, fan and other palms, and is one of the fin- 
est residences in Southern California. 

Near at hand is the Cooper ranch, of interest as 
being the pear orchard of the old Mission Fathers. 
Here are two fine palms brought from the desert thirty 
years ago, now tall, bulky, and picturesque. From this 
ridge we look to the south and east over the land of 
the old friars ; a fairer country it would be difiicult to 
find. Here is material for the romancer and historian. 
Here lived a powerful and prolific native race not two 
hundred years ago. The story of its disappearance 
is an impressive one — like the buffalo and various 
other animals, they have been swept away by the resist- 
less, onward wave of human progress. 



CHAPTER VII. 

THE ANCIENT PASADENIANS. 

Sites of ancient villages. Curious stone implements unearthed. Stone moi«- 
tars and pestles. Arrow heads, Matates, Discoidal stones. The discoverer of 
Los Angeles County. 

TN driving about Pasadena the visitor will see in a 
^ number of places curious stones hollowed out, well- 
rounded stone clubs, flat-faced grinding stones, and a 
variety of rude stone implements evidently of great 
age. 

These objects have been plowed up in various, 
parts of the city, and represent the household gods of 
the aboriginal Pasadenian, the dishes, grain crushers, 
balls for playing games, and weapons of a people about 
which very little is known. 

Before referring to them it will perhaps interest the 
reader to read portions of a diary or log of Jean Rod- 
riguez Cabrillo, a Spanish adventurer, who was the first 
white man to enter San Pedro, the port of entry of 
Los Angeles County. 

The voyage was made in 1542, three hundred and 
forty-six years ago — one hundred years after the dis- 
covery of America by Columbus. The record was 
found in a library in Madrid : — 

"On the Tuesday and Wednesday following they 
sailed along the coast about eight leagues, and passed by 
some three uninhabited islands (probably Catalina and 
San Clemente). One of them was larger than the other 
and extended two entire leagues, and forms a shelter 



66 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

from the west winds. They are three leagues from 
the main land ; they are in thirty-four degrees. This 
day they saw on land great signal smokes. It is a 
good land in appearance, and there are great valleys, 
and in the interior there are high ridges. They called 
them Las Islas Desiertas (the desert isles). 

*' The Thursday following they proceeded about six 
leagues by a coast running north, northwest, and dis- 
covered a port inclosed, and very good, to which they 
gave the name of San Miguel (San Pedro Harbor). It is 
in thirty-four and a third degrees, and after anchoring in 
it they went ashore, which had people, three of whom 
remained and all the others fled. To these they 
gave some presents, and they said by signs that in 
the interior had passed people like the Spaniards. 
They manifested much fear. The next morning they 
entered farther into the port, and brought away 
two boys, who understood nothing by signs, and 
they gave them both shirts, and immediately sent 
them away. And the following morning there came 
to the ship three large Indians, and by signs they 
said that there were traveling in the interior men like 
us, with beards, and clothed and armed like those of 
the ships .... This people (the natives) were well 
disposed and advanced ; they go covered with skins 
of animals." 

To show how well populated the coast was, the fol- 
lowing from the same narrative is given : — 

*'0n the Sunday following the 15th day of the same 
month they held on their voyage along the coast about 
ten leagues, and there were always many canoes, for 
all the coast is very populous, and many Indians were 
■continually coming aboard the ships ; and they pointed 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 67 

out to US the villages and named them by their names, 
which are Xucu, Bis, Sopono, Alloc, Xataagua, Xot- 
ococ, Potoltuc, Nacbuc, Quelqueme, Misinagua, Elquis, 
Coloc, Mugu, Xagua, Anacbuc, Partocac, and many 
more. All these villages extended from the first pueblo 
de las canoas; .... they are in a very good country, 
with many good trees and cabins ; the natives go 
clothed in skins, and they said that inland were many 
towns and much maize at three days' distance." 

The trip or voyage extended well north, and the 
account shows that the entire California country was 
well settled ; that the coast was built up with villages, 
and that the natives stated that the interior was also 
densely populated. The men in the interior, to which 
they referred as having beards, were evidently men 
belonging to Coronado's party. 

These people were undoubtedly the ancestors of the 
Indians found there by the Franciscan fathers. 

In 1852 a report was made by the Hon. B. D. Wilson 
to the Department of the Interior, to the effect that 
there were then in Santa Barbara, Tulare, Los Angeles, 
and San Diego Counties about fifteen thousand 
Indians, comprising the Tularenos, Cahuillas, San Luis- 
enos, and Diegaenos. Thirty years later another report 
was made showing a decrease of ten thousand; the 
remaining five thousand are fast disappearing. 

The writer has visited many of their villages, es- 
pecially at Pala, Pauma, Temecula, Pachanga, and 
San Jacinto, and very few full-blooded Indians are left. 
Nearly all have inter-married with Mexicans, Americans, 
or Negroes. They live in the tule huts, some in adobe : 
the men going around the country, working on the 
big ranches. They wear American clothes, but, as a 



68 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

rule, are a sorry lot, morally and mentally. In 
the huts I invariably found the old stone mortar 
and pestle of their forefathers. In answer to inquiries, 
they replied that they did not make them, but found 
them in the fields. The introduction of modern uten- 
sils has rendered useless, to a great extent, the huge 
mortars, and they are probably not made at present. 
In some huts they were utilized to feed chickens from. 
In others grain was still ground, and on all the ranches 
where they are dug up, they serve for various purposes, 
either in the pig-corral, or elsewhere. 

The writer has a collection of twenty or more of these 
mortars, most of which were found upon the slopes of 
the mountains in San Diego County. They range in 
weight from two hundred and seventy-nine pounds to 
two pounds, the smaller ones evidently having been 
used by children. 

The San Gabriel Valley was once dotted with these 
Indian villages, and five and six hundred years ago 
was undoubtedly the centre of a strong and powerful 
race. 

That Pasadena's delightful location was recognized, 
we have every reason to believe, as in hundreds of 
localities implements have been found, telling the inter- 
esting story of the occupation of an almost forgotten 
and lost race. 

The natives generally located their towns or settle- 
ments where there was a good water supply, and if 
possible on a hill or elevated situation. The Giddings* 
ranch is the site of an extremely old settlement; and 
for years objects of various kinds, mostly old and 
broken, have been plowed up. They were generally 
flat, shallow mortars, of a dark stone, with short, flat 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 69 

grinding or mealing stones. In following the plow 
of Mr. Giddings I have seen pieces of mortars or 
pestles thrown up every few moments, showing that 
large numbers must have been left here ; and, as they are 
buried a foot or more below the surface, it is evident 
that they are older than many others found upon the 
surface. The old town was situated at what is now 
the beginning of the road leading down into Millard 
Caiion; and the assumption is that the women went 
into the canon to collect acorns, which were brought 
down to the village to be ground. Every year at 
plowing time, which comes between November and 
Christmas, specimens are unearthed. 

Another Indian village was situated on what is now 
the Orange Grove Avenue Reservoir, east of Park Place. 
When the earth was removed, large numbers of mor- 
tars, pestles, mealing and other stones were discovered, 
and after a heavy rain we may still pick up the fiat 
grinding-stones in the immediate vicinity. 

On the San Rafael ranch, opposite the west end of 
California Street, many interesting specimens have been 
found, and the author has picked them up in various 
parts of the city. Few of the older residents but possess 
a collection of some size. 

The most valuable collection belongs to H. N. Rust, 
Esq., of South Pasadena. Mr. Rust is an enthusiastic 
archaeologist, and possesses a cabinet valued at many 
thousands of dollars. Here are complete sets of mortars 
and pestles, ranging in size from those weighing two or 
three hundred pounds to the smallest paint pots, dis- 
coidal stones, plummets, daggers, arrow heads, flint 
chips, basket-work — in fact, almost every article used 
by these ancient people can be seen here. Not only 



yo PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

is the collection rich in specimens relating to Southern 
California, but it contains objects from Arizona, New 
and Old Mexico, dishes made and used by the old 
mound builders, and a variety of implements of the 
greatest beauty and value. The collection as a whole 
has not its equal in the West ; and a view of it, which, 
by the courtesy of its owner, is often possible, tells the 
story of the ancient Californians at a glance. 

Around the attractive grounds of Mr. Rust are many 
curious and interesting specimens — huge mortars, 
weighing over two hundred pounds, roughly-hewn mor- 
tars, mealing-stones, and other specimens from all over 
Southern California. 

In olden times baskets constituted an important 
feature of the domestic life of the natives, and they 
are still used to a greater or less extent. These baskets 
exceed in beauty of color and finish any made by the 
Eastern Indians; many are works of art, and artistic 
in every sense of the word, both in shape and color. 
The baskets are made of native grasses of various 
kinds, often woven in a beautiful manner, and so 
closely that they will hold water. 

The basket-maker may be seen at San Gabriel, where 
the grand-daughter of Laura, who recently died at the 
ripe old age of one hundred and seventeen years, still 
carries on the basket-making business. 

The baskets of the southern Indians are, as a rule, 
coarse, while those from Tulare and the north are 
finer, and more elegant. The latter are often orna- 
mented richly with beads and feathers; and the old 
ones, that with age have assumed a rich brown hue, 
bring large prices from connoisseurs ; fifty, seventy- 
five, and even one hundred dollars having been paid 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 7 1 

for artistic shapes. So beautiful are these baskets, 
and so well adapted for interior and artistic decoration, 
that they have been bought up from the old Mexican 
families and Indians wherever obtainable, so that now 
all the old baskets are in private collections. Several 
hundred baskets could probably be collected in Pasa- 
dena, representing hundreds of dollars. Mr. Rust has 
a fine collection, one having especial interest, as hav- 
ing been given him by " H. H." when on her trip 
through the country, obtaining material for '' Ramona." 
It might be stated in this connection that Mrs. Jackson 
obtained the name " Ramona " from Mrs. J. De Barth 
Shorb, who possesses it. It is often said that she first 
heard the name at Mrs. Ramona Wolfs', at Temecula, 
but the former statement is probably correct. 

The history of this country is replete with interest, 
and those sojourning here will find it a profitable study. 
The Pasadena Library contains many books relating 
to the subject ; and the historical works of Hubert H. 
Bancroft of San Francisco contain everything available. 
The following books have references to the early dis- 
covery of the country : " Explorations in Lower Cal- 
ifornia," Brown ; " History of California," Capron ; 
"Life and Adventures in California," Farnham ; 
"Fuguet, La California," "Oregon and California," 
Greenhow ; De Morpas' " Explorations." The volume 
of the "Geographical Survey of the One Hundredth 
Meridian," on archaeology, contains many illustrated 
papers of interest on this country and a complete list 
of papers referring to it. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

PASADENA AS A HEALTH RESORT 

Compared to Italy, France, Florida, St. Paul, and Colorado. The climate. A 
challenge to the world. 

OASADENA has been so much talked of, written 
-■■ about abroad, and described by so many enthusiasts, 
that it is not singular that it has been placed too high 
upon the scale of excellence. People who have left 
snow-banks in the East, and in a few days find them- 
selves among Pasadena's gardens, invalids who have 
come here without hope and have recovered, naturally 
extol the place to the highest, and interlard their 
descriptions with the term " Paradise," etc. 

Pasadena does not profess to be a Paradise or a 
modern Garden of Eden. Its claim is simply that in 
its climate, scenery, and general conditions it has the 
essentials that make it the finest health resort in this 
country or Europe. The tourist who lands at The 
Raymond in a rain storm and leaves in three or four 
days, after having part of each day rainy, or the man 
or woman who came too late to be cured, naturally 
doubt this ; but, while the statement is a broad one, it 
can be easily verified. 

Pasadena cannot be sampled like its wine ; cannot 
be tested by the aroma or odor of one orange tree. 
The test is a comparison by the year, from January to 
January, with other famous health resorts of the world. 

It is conceded by medical men of all schools that 
lung troubles cannot be eradicated in a few months. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 73 

In Other words, where doctors ten years ago said 
" take a sea voyage, or a few weeks in the Adiron- 
dacks or in Florida," they now advise the invalid to go 
to some locality and live for several years, enjoy an 
out-of-door life and an entire change of habits. Can 
this advice be followed to advantage in Florida ? The 
writer, who has lived in the land of flowers winter and 
summer for five or six years, thinks not. The Florida 
season is from November to April, and during this 
time is delightful, yet much of it is malarious. The 
invalid has a few months to recuperate, and then must 
return North to avoid the debilitating heat, insect 
pests, malaria, and possibly yellow fever ; in other 
words, few people prefer to summer in Florida if they 
can get away, and it is not recommended as a summer 
health resort. 

The Adirondacks are delightful in summer, and I 
can conceive of no more fascinating place than Alex- 
andria Bay ; yet a winter in these places is not a pleas- 
ant outlook for one delicate and ordered to live out of 
doors. At St. Paul the winters are intensely cold, the 
summers hot. At Colorado Springs, where the writer 
has lived, we have an altitude something like the top 
of Mount Washington, cold winters and intensely hot 
summers, with almost daily rain storms with accom- 
panying thunder and lightning. The climate is dry 
and bracing. 

In the famous Riviera of Italy and Southern France 
we have mild winters and a delightful season from 
November to April ; then come debilitating hot winds 
from the African coast, and the famous resorts are 
given over to malarial troubles. 

Pasadena, on the other hand, offers what none of 



74 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

these possess — a delightful climate from one end of 
the year to the other. The invalid can live here far 
more comfortably than elsewhere every month in the 
year. There is no going north or south in the differ- 
ent seasons ; you may change your altitude six thou- 
sand feet in four or five hours, or attain the summit of 
the Sierra Madres, or the sea level, as you wish. 

If in Florida you were ordered to change your alti- 
tude, it would be a matter of days of travel, and prob- 
ably there are no hotels in the mountains of Tennessee, 
where you would go. Here, a series of hotels range 
from the Pacific to the base of the mountains, to four 
thousand feet above it ; and the extremes of the 
change, as an example, from the Hotel Arcadia, on the 
coast, to Switzer's, north of Pasadena, can be made in 
less than a day. 

The seasons here are a puzzle to the new-comer. 
They are termed the wet and the dry — terms that 
convey an erroneous impression, as the rainy season 
is not more rainy than an eastern summer, and by 
means of irrigation the dry season can be made as wet 
as desirable. The dry season is the time when it is 
not supposed to rain, but sometimes does ; this 
includes the months from April to November. The 
wet season, or winter, is from November to April or 
May, when it rains perhaps once in three weeks, 
sometimes oftener, and sometimes not so often, the 
seasons changing in this respect just as they change 
in the East. The amount of rain at Pasadena may be 
averaged at twenty inches, thirty-five less than at 
Jacksonville and twenty-nine less than Boston ; so 
the wet season is by no means a deluge. The winter 
at Pasadena may be compared to a cool eastern fall. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 75 

In October the weather grows slightly cooler, and 
soon the rains come. This gives renewed life to all 
vegetation, and instead of frost, snow, and ice, the 
land blooms like a garden, the mesas are carpeted with 
a succession of flowers, the low hills take on a vivid 
green tint, and the air is filled with fragrant odors. 
The birds driven from the north throng the groves 
and meadows, and by Christmas time Pasadena is in 
the midst of what appears, as far as nature, fruits, and 
flowers are concerned, mid-summer. The mountain 
tops are covered with snow, sometimes reaching down 
to within a thousand feet of the orange trees. But so 
subtle are the conditions that, though we see winter 
and summer face to face, scarce half a mile apart, 
yet there is little or no encroachment. Occasionally 
on rare occasions ice forms in pools in Pasadena, and 
frost is seen. The evening will seem cold and chilly, 
and a fire on the hearth is very acceptable ; indeed^ 
many persons have a fire morning and evening 
throughout the winter. As you sit by your fire the 
wind may sweep down, howl, and rage. You hear it 
under the eaves. How cold it sounds ! and you move 
nearer the fire. Surely a snow blizzard is in progress. 
You go to the door. The thermometer indicates sixty 
degrees, and you find it was a Gold of Ophir rose 
beating against the window, and the rustling of the 
palm leaves carries out the impression of the storm. 
When the mercury indicates freezing, it seems exces- 
sively cold by contrast ; yet how cold the weather in 
Pasadena really is, is shown by the fact that the roses, 
callas, and all flowers, wild and otherwise, bloom 
throughout the entire winter ; if they live, the cold 
cannot be intense. 



;y6 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

The touch of cold weather in the winter is bracing 
and extremely beneficial. It gives some change 
between winter and summer ; yet, as slight as is the 
cold, fault is often found with it. But Pasadena does 
not claim to be a tropical climate ; it is a moderate or 
semi-tropical one, only tropical in that palms, bananas, 
pomegranates, and other southern plants grow here 
winter and summer out of doors. You are offered 
a winter where the flowers bloom, where the birds 
sing, with cool mornings and nights. From six o'clock 
■at night to eight o'clock in the morning in winter, 
Pasadena out of doors, taking an average, is like an 
eastern October, where the thermometer does not, as a 
rule, stray below fifty or sixty degrees. The winter day, 
from nine until five, taking an average again, is one in 
which the doors may be left open. To refer to exact 
figures, the winter mean is fifty-six degrees, autumn 
62.31. Sometimes the season is unusually rainy, 
again cloudy ; but, as a rule, bright sunshine prevails. 
The writer wishes to emphasize this point — the sea- 
sons here vary just as they do all over the world ; one 
year differs from another. As an example, the season 
of 1887 was unusually cloudy, and in 1885-86 the 
winters were like summers. At its worst there are 
'more sunshiny out-of-door days in Pasadena than any 
place in the East, and a careful record kept by the 
United States Signal Service shows that in this county 
there are more pleasant days in the course of the year 
than in any other place in the country. It is truly the 
land of out-of-door life. 

While the rainfall is amply sufficient to make the 
change of season, it does not accumulate and form 
•malaria-producing bogs. The nearest swamp to Pasa- 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



77 



dena is at Ballona, nearly thirty miles away, and this 
is salt. The ground is made up mainly of disintegrat- 
ing granite, so that the water almost immediately 
disappears. After a morning of drenching rain the 
afternoon will* find the main drives around the city in 
good condition. 

The visitor will miss the thunder storm, which is 
rarely if ever seen, though sometimes a rumble is 
heard over in the Sierra Madres. Sudden rains are 
equally rare ; storms working up with great delibera- 
tion and passing away as slowly. The " signs " are 
the wind from the southeast and low, fleecy clouds 
creeping along the mountains. After a good rain it 
will well repay the tourist to visit the falls in the 
various canons, and watch the effect of the water, as 
it is these winter torrents that have made the myriad 
canons of the range and their many tributaries. 

Pasadena has been generally referred to as a winter 
resort; but why it is difficult to imagine, as the sum- 
mers here are as delightful as in almost any place in 
the East. One is never so uncomfortable as in New 
York, Chicago, Boston, or Philadelphia ; and the writer, 
who has spent seasons in all the resorts in the East 
from the St. Lawrence to Cape May and Old Point 
Comfort, has found greater actual comfort in Los 
Angeles County. The reason for this is that here you 
have an actual and positive guarantee of cool nights; 
so cool that in riding at night a light overcoat is 
needed by a not over-robust person. An eminent phy- 
sician told the writer that Pasadena was the most remark- 
able place for making up lost sleep he had ever seen, and 
by throwing open windows and sleeping under a blan- 
ket the perfection of somnolent conditions are found. 



78 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

The atmosphere is dry and bracing. At mid-day the 
heat may be intense, ranging sometimes from eighty 
to ninety degrees in the shade ; but the rule is a much 
lower temperature, the mean for summer being sixty- 
seven degrees. At nine or ten o'clock the trade 
wind begins to blow, a delightfully cool, refreshing 
breeze, and if perchance a fog has been covering the 
valley by night, the tincture of delicious coolness in 
the air is still more striking. The trade wind from the 
ocean blows until sundown ; not the boisterous wind 
of San Francisco, but a gentle wind. Between six and 
seven there is a lull, and then there pours down from 
the mountain a cool, invigorating breeze, laden with 
the odors of the pine and upland trees. 

The entire Pacific Coast is susceptible to fogs, but 
in the writer's experience the fogs of Pasadena are by 
no means so objectionable as those at Newport, R. I. 
Here they come in only at night, and rarely if ever last 
until nine o'clock in the morning; so, if a person were 
a late riser, he might live in Pasadena for a long time 
and not be aware that there were fogs. They are a posi- 
tive benefit, cooling the heated atmosphere. Sometimes 
they are observed for weeks ; and in a residence of 
three years there we have seen but few entirely foggy 
days, and these would have been termed cloudy days 
in the East, the fog being at least a thousand feet above 
the surface, and not rendering objects inconspicuous. 

The term " dry season " would indicate that every- 
thing was burnt up during the summer ; but such is by 
no means the case. Each_ family has a "shower" or 
" rain " in the place, and by turning a faucet water is 
obtained to any extent ; so lawns surround every house. 
Neither are the hills bare. True, they are not so rich 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 79 

in greens as during the winter, but the live-oaks, the 
sycamores, the manzanita, and various other forms are 
green the year round, and wild flowers greet you in 
the arroyos ; the orange, lemon, lime, and olive groves 
are perennially green ; the vineyards cover miles of 
country, not to speak of peach and apricot ; so that no 
one would suspect that Pasadena was passing through 
its dry season. In its beauty of summer verdure it 
will equal almost any eastern city. 

To the invalid the out-door life is everything, winter 
or summer. One has often three hundred and forty 
pleasant days that can be spent in. the clear, open air. 
There is an utter absence of blizzards, cyclones, and 
electric storms. In a three years' experience we 
have seen only one severe wind storm, which 
did some damage in exposed places. Indeed, 
when the immunity of the locality from winds, 
storms, and sudden changes is considered ; when it is 
compared to the heated inter-oceanic States with their 
cyclones in summer and blizzards in winter ; the 
Eastern States with their severe thunder storms, tem- 
pests, blizzards, intense seasons of heat and sun- 
stroke ; the South with its hot, debilitating, malaria- 
producing summers, this region excites the greatest 
wonder and astonishment. It is not Paradise, as I 
have said ; but a careful examination of the country 
year after year will certainly justify the statement that 
it possesses more in every way to make life pleasant 
and less to render it uncomfortable than any one spot 
that can be mentioned in this country or the available 
portions of Europe. The actual difference between 
winter and summer is expressed by eleven degrees ; 
so the sudden changes from summer to intense cold so 



So PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

dreaded by some are not felt. Contrasted with the 
difference in other places, it amounts to nothing. The 
difference between winter and summer at St. Augustine, 
Fla., is twenty-two degrees ; Jacksonville, Fla., twenty- 
six degrees ; Denver, forty-four degrees ; St. Paul, 
fifty-two degrees. 

VARIETY OF CLIMATE. 

It is not the climate alone that commends itself, but 
its great variety. Pasadena lies on an elevated valley, 
one thousand feet above the Pacific. On one hand is 
the ocean, thirty miles away, with its resorts always 
cool and bracing ; and upon the other the great system 
of the Sierra Madre Mountains, giving entirely opposite 
conditions. So we have a range of altitude from the 
sea level to six thousand feet above it within reach, and 
attainable in a few hours ; deep canons, dry plateaus, 
warm mesas, the deep, cool Arroyo, the seaside resorts, 
giving every possible condition that one might require, 
except of course the absolutely dry, arid plateau — 
like many towns in New Mexico, Arizona, etc. It 
is conceded that people require something besides 
climate. If a patient is sent from home, and has to 
rough it in a mining camp or a border town with none 
of the luxuries or attentions to which he has been 
habituated, home-sickness and kindred ailments may 
offset the good possibly obtainable. In Pasadena one 
finds all the best features of Eastern towns : a refined 
and cultivated society, where the same conditions exist 
as in the East ; libraries, societies, churches — in short, 
the visitor will probably find everything here to which 
he was accustomed at home, except thunder storms, 
blizzards, mad dogs, and sunstroke. 



CHAPTER IX. 

THE ROD AND THE GUN. 

Available game. Quail, dove, pigeon, ducks and geese, cranes, rabbits, etc. 
Trout, sea-fishing, etc. Wild goat hunting. 

p ASADENA possesses a " Gun and Hunt " Club, 
the members of which are always ready to give any 
information to strangers regarding the available game 
in the country. 

The club was organized to encourage legitimate 
sport of all kinds, from trap shooting to coursing with 
greyhounds or hunting the wild-cat. 

Members of the club own a fine pack of greyhounds, 
and the Bandini fox hounds are the attraction of 
many meets in the Arroyo. The small game consists 
of quail, two varieties ; the valley or Lophortyx Cali- 
forfiicus, and the mountain form. The valley quail is a 
most beautiful little creature, with jaunty plumes which 
it erects as it runs along, or eyes you from some vant- 
age ground. The sportsman from the East will find 
the little bird a fair test of his powers, it being an 
extremely rapid flyer, going like a shot when flushed. 

The favorite quail-shooting grounds are along the 
base of the mountains, and near the entrances to the 
big canons. Here they are seen in the open, often in 
the great washes by thousands, though in bands of 
from ten to fifty. 

Whether dogs can be used to advantage is a ques- 
tion. The work is entirely different from that to which. 



'82 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

dogs are used in the East, and the spines of the cactus 
are a feature which they do not understand. A good 
retrieving dog would certainly be a benefit, as the birds 
have a remarkable habit of crawling into holes or 
crevices when shot, and of avoiding pursuit in many 
ways. I have found the best method, at least about 
Pasadena, is to move ahead quickly and take the birds 
as they are flushed. When in the brush, say two feet 
high, they are constantly moving ahead, and make 
remarkable progress. 

Quail can almost always be met with in Altadena, 
near the mouth of Millard Canon ; and a good place is 
in the wash of Eaton's Canon, and the country in that 
vicinity. A team is required, as if game is not found 
in one locality it will be necessary to move on a mile 
or more. The foot hills of the La Canada Valley afford 
good shooting, especially as they are not over worked 
in the season. The quail is a domestic little fellow, 
and oftentimes he is seen in the garden or trotting 
down the road in front of your horse. 

Proximity to a flock is always announced by the 
male, who utters a sweet and curious note which may 
be likened to the word J>o-fa-fo, with the accent on the 
second syllable. They have other notes also by which 
they are soon known. 

When flushed the birds rise and are upon the instant 
under full headway, and they must be shot on the rise. 

The mountain quail, Orcortyx pichis^ maybe said to 
be rare here. It is larger than its cousin of the low- 
lands, and the plumes are longer and more pointed, 
resembling quill jDcns thrust behind one's ear. They 
are found in the upper range, also in the hills back of 
the city, generally where there is brush near at hand. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 83 

The sportsman who bags a goodly number may con- 
sider himself fortunate. 

Quail shooting here, like sport of all kinds, is often 
followed or taken up merely as an excuse to be out of 
doors. Mere walking about with no special aim often 
tires one ; but the hunter, having some object in view, 
enjoys the country all the more. A day's quail shoot- 
ing, say in January or February, will be a novelty to the 
sportsman direct from the East. A good team of 
horses, guns and lunch, and we are off, intending to 
take the foot hills from Pasadena to Monrovia and back. 
The mountains are white with snow, and the air 
of the valley redolent with the odor of flowers. Birds 
sing in almost every bush, and soon \\\^ po-ta-to of the 
quail is heard, perhaps in some one's orange grove, 
within gunshot of The Raymond. Quail are taken, 
providing you are in luck, all the way dow^n, and coming 
back in the cool of the afternoon the rabbit shooting 
may generally be counted fair. Two kinds of rabbits 
are found— the Jack, the long-eared leaper found so 
extensively through the West, and the smaller cotton- 
tail. 

Hunting the Jack is fair sport, especially with the 
rifle; and some Pasadena shots take them upon the 
dead run. They are found around Altadena. They 
often spring up beneath your feet, and quick shooting 
is required to bring them down. When hit upon the 
run, they often shoot into the air two or three feet. 
Jacks are found in the open, often suddenly darting 
out of a patch of weed, while the cotton-tail keeps 
more to cover. 

In the canons is found a fine gray squirrel, often 
eyeing you from the limb of a lofty sycamore, and form- 



84 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

ing good sport with the rifle. The canons also con- 
stitute the congregating ground of the great banded 
pigeon, a bird difficult to shoot, and consequently a 
prize. It occasionally wanders down into the low 
country; being seen in the great ranches, which, like 
Baldwin's, are well wooded. The common dove also 
affords good shooting. The badger is found in the low 
lands or open mesa, though rarely seen, and the coyote's 
bark is often heard at night. 

The large game available is the black-tailed deer, 
mountain lion, black and grizzly bear. 

Mr. E. W. Giddings brought the last grizzly into 
Pasadena ; but they are rarely found, only occasionally 
coming down from the upper and inner range to the 
lower ridges. So with the mountain lion ; one or two 
are occasionally seen every winter. A large one was 
shot during the winter of 1887, in the low hills below 
The Raymond. It was prowling about the sheep corral. 
Another was killed by a man living on the Wilson trail. 
These, as well as other animals, never attack human 
beings, and it can be said that about Pasadena there is 
absolutely no animal that menaces one's comfort. To 
obtain big game requires hard work, and regular hunts 
should be organized under the charge of an experienced 
guide. Elizabeth Lake can be visited in this way, and 
antelope can be found in a day's trip from Pasadena 
up by Tulare. The big-horned sheep has been seen 
on the slopes of Old Baldy. 

Deer hunting may be had in the mountains over- 
looking Pasadena; and the Verdugo Hills, six or eight 
miles to the northwest, afford the best ground. 
Hounds and a bush beater are absolute necessities. 
The sportsmen are stationed around on the peaks, 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 85 

and the beater and dogs take to the canon, and drive 
the deer up where the hunter can shoot them across the 
canon. Such shooting requires the very best marks- 
manship. 

The author has had some experience in the North 
woods of the Adirondacks and in the Canadian forests, 
as well as the rough countries of Virginia and Florida ; 
but the climb on horseback up the slope of the Verdugo 
Hill was a new experience. 

It was " up and down work," and the only thing to 
do was to embrace the horse, put one's arms about his 
neck, and with him literally butt through the bush, 
manzanita, grease wood, yuccas, and various barriers 
stopping the way. 

On an eminence not far from the top, we rested; 
and while here looking down into the deep abyss, rich 
in its tints of green, the baying of the dogs, short and 
fitful, told of game, and a moment later a doe broke 
cover, and dashed along the side of the opposite cliff. 
It was so far away that it appeared about the size of a 
large dog ; yet my companion broke its leg almost at 
the first fire. 

The deer is the Cariacus coliwibicnius of science. Its 
habitat is among the thick bush of the mountain slopes, 
winding its way in and out of the canons and defiles, 
rarely being seen in the open country, except perhaps 
when the mountains of the inner range are covered 
with snow. Fair sport may be had hunting the wild 
goat of Catalina Island. The "wild goat" is simply 
the common species, running wild. It is said that they 
were placed upon the island years ago, to appease the 
appetite of possible shipwrecked sailors ; but they were 
probably carried over with sheep, and, not being in 



86 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

demand, have increased, so that there are several large 
bands just wild enough to constitute long-range shoot- 
ing. 

A good plan is to secure the services of " Mexican 
Joe," the genial hunter and fisherman. Horses are 
to be had at the Hotel Metropol, and in an hour or so 
you are over some romantic trails, and upon the sum- 
mit of the mountains that apparently cover the island 
and constitute its make up. The goats are found in 
various places ; sometimes in Clear Water Canon, or 
others are again in the open. They are decently shy, 
as a " domestic wild goat " should be. And viewing 
the wild gorges, the flying mist-clouds, the maze of 
mountains, the imaginative sportsman 'can consider 
the hills the Alps, and the goats chamois. 

In the fall season, the duck and goose shooting 
between Pasadena and the sea is good. A small lake 
is formed in the Puente Hills, south of The Raymond, 
after the rains, and here, by building a cover or blind, 
fair shooting may be had. The Laguna ranch, over 
beyond, is still better ; while Ballona harbor and swamp 
— the latter rented by the Los Angeles Gun Club — 
affords the best sport of this kind. 

The fishing about Pasadena is limited to the trout, 
found in the pools of the Arroyo and the various 
canon streams. The best fishing-ground is that of the 
San Gabriel Canon and its tributaries. The fish are 
often found in water so shallow as to seem impossible 
to float them. In the canons there is little opportunity 
to use a fly or split bamboo-rod ; yet in the pools of 
the Arroyo Seco, immediately back of the city, fish of 
fair size have been taken with a fly. 

The salt-water fishing compares favorably with that 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 87 

of the East. The gamy barracuda takes the place of 
the bluefish, while the Spanish mackerel and several 
varieties of this tribe constitute good sport. Boats for 
fishing may be had at San Pedro, but the fisherman 
will do better to make Santa Catalina his headquarters. 

Here in June and July the barracuda run in schools, 
and some days are caught by thousands ; again they 
will not take the hook. In these months, the sea bass, 
a magnificent fish much resembling a salmon, fill the 
bays, swimming at the surface and occasionally taking 
the hook, but affording greater sport with the harpoon. 
They attain a length of three or four feet, and run up 
to seventy pounds weight. 

A large variety of fish are caught, including a small 
sea bass, much resembling a black bass and quite as 
gamy. It must be confessed that none of these 
denizens of the sea have the flavor of the game fishes 
of the East, due in all probability to the high tempera- 
ture of the water. 

The bays of Catalina and the rocks of San Pedro 
afford the lover of nature many opportunities for 
investigation. Off shore the flying-fish leaps into the 
air and skims away ; and beneath the wave are endless 
forms of life interesting and unknown, awaiting the 
investigator. 

Whales are common all along shore, and occasionally 
the great basking shark, thirty or forty feet long, is seen, 
or the giant ray, ten or fifteen feet across. 

The game laws of California, as recently amended, 
are as follows : — 

Quail, partridge, grouse, rail, September lo to ' 
March i- 

Doves, June i to January i. 



88 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

Male antelope, deer or bucks, July i to December 

Female antelope, elk, mountain sheep, female deer 
or doe, killing at any time unlawful. 

Spotted fawn, killing prohibited. 

Taking quail, partridge, grouse, or rail by net or 
pound, prohibited. 

Trout, April i to November i. 

Salmon, October i to August 31. 

Fishing for salmon, shad, etc., with nets, between 
six o'clock Saturday evening and sundown of succeed- 
ing Sunday, prohibited. 

Fishing by explosives, or by pound, weir, cage, trap, 
or set net, prohibited. 



CHAPTER X. 

ACROSS COUNTRY RIDING. 
Coursing with Greyhounds. Wild-cat hunts. Coyote hunting. Fox hunts. 

THE country in the immediate vicinity of Pasadena 
is a most attractive one to the equestrian, abounding, 
as it does, in drives and trails of singular variety and 
beauty. 

Simple riding, however, with no object, is often tire- 
some ; but to those who care for the pleasures of the 
hunt a better field cannot be presented. The upland 
country of Pasadena, or the mesa^ as it is called, abounds 
in the Jack rabbit. It cannot be found in droves, as in 
the country farther north, but in sufficient numbers to 
provide the experienced horseman or woman with 
an abundance of sport. 

From one to four greyhounds and good horses con- 
stitute the necessary " out-fit " for an afternoon's out- 
ing. The party, following Marengo Avenue, soon 
mount Monk Hill, or Washington Heights, as it is now 
called. That next to the Raymond Hill is the highest 
prominence in the city. From here there is a fine view 
of the valley, and the mountains seem to be within 
almost reaching distance. 

The country to the northeast, in the direction of 
Eaton's Canon, appears to be depressed, rising to 
Altadena, and stretching away toward the canon, dotted 
with villas and ranches. Here in the chaparral, the 
Jack rabbit holds forth, as well as its small cousin the 
cotton-tail. 



90 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

The morning and evening, or rather the cooler por- 
tions of the day, are best adapted for the sport. The 
dogs present an attractive appearance, their long, lithe 
forms seemingly built for speed and endurance. They 
spread out and cover the field, move on for a few yards, 
then stop and look about unless instructed to beat the 
bush for game ; but the slow approach is the best, as 
in this case the " Jack " does not move until the dogs 
are fairly upon it. 

Perhaps a mile of the field has been covered ; ladies 
and gentlemen are gayly chatting, when suddenly from 
beneath the horses' feet dashes a small object with long, 
black-tipped ears. He appears to shoot from the brush 
into the air, and in a second the dogs and horses are 
in full chase. There is not a sound save the rush of 
feet, as the dogs are silent ; but the lack of music is 
amply compensated for by the fine display of running. 
At first the dogs appear to move in great waves ; but 
in a few moments they are down to full speed, the 
head low, and the entire body stretched out to what 
seems an extraordinary length. They move like 
machines — flashes of fawn and mouse tints dashing 
along like streaks of light, while the " Jack " bounds 
away, clearing seven or eight feet at every jump, pre- 
senting to those who have never seen them under full 
speed an astonishing spectacle. 

The Jack almost invariably runs toward the moun- 
tains or up ; or, if there is a grove of trees near, he will 
make for it, and so throw the dogs off the track. Now 
he takes to a vineyard, and dogs and horses go down 
the lines at the risk of their necks. The pace is kill- 
ing ; the leading dog now falls back, and another surges 
ahead. The Jack is beginning to realize that it is not 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 91 

all pleasure, as he is losing ground. His ears, instead 
of being erect, are flat, and he is putting on a spurt 
that gives him the advance. Now he dashes into a road, 
and for half a mile it is a race ; the thunder of the 
hoofs, the cheers of the riders, raising the excitement to 
a high pitch. Many have dropped out, some of the 
dogs are winded ; but five or six are there when the 
Jack turns suddenly and attempts to dodge. Twice he 
is successful, right among the dogs and beneath the 
horses' feet, and then after a brief run he is seized and 
tossed by the leading dog. The others come up pant- 
ing and distressed, while the old dog who has taken 
the game looks about proudly, and wags her tail in 
appreciation of her skill. 

The lady in at the death is given the head and ears 
as a trophy, and, after the dogs have rested, the hunt 
is taken up again. One good chase will well repay the 
lover of such sport, that requires courage and good 
riding if the dogs are faithfully followed. It matters 
little to the true sportsman or woman how many 
rabbits are caught. The pleasure derived is in the very 
fact of being out — in the anticipation — the glorious 
day — the flowers, mountains, birds, horses, and dogs, 
and in the pleasure that the last two seem to take in it. 

Instead of following the roads with which you are 
familiar, the hunt takes you across country where your 
horse beats out a wide swath in a growth of flowers 
which you have never heard of or seen before. You 
plow through them, literally a mass of color, brilliant 
and remarkable. Somewhere on the highlands, perhaps 
on the edge of the eucalyptus grove, the lunch has 
been carried, and here we meet a tired party of horses, 
dogs, and hunters. The valley stretches away before 



^2 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

US a coat of many colors, or a crazy quilt, in which 
greens and yellows predominate; and far beyond in the 
dim haze we see the ocean, thirty miles distant. 

In cross country riding here, there are several things 
to be considered. There are few if any fences to take, 
but ditches, or rather narrow arroyos, sometimes present 
themselves. A jumping horse, then, is not a necessity; 
rather a fast, sure-footed one. Few horses can 
keep up with greyhounds in full run ; hence speed 
in your mount is a desideratum. The horse should 
be surefooted, as rabbit, owl, and badger holes or bur- 
rows are items to be thought of. In riding in a 
fairly open country, these can be seen, and accidents 
are rare. 

Coursing is the favorite sport in Northern California, 
and consists in running the dogs after rabbits, as a 
simple test of speed. Around Bakersfield and various 
towns in upper California, in Kern and Tulare Counties, 
the Jack rabbit exists in countless numbers, and each 
rancher keeps greyhounds to run them off. Occasionally 
rabbit runs are indulged in ; in which, by using a corral, 
several thousands of the pests are caught at one time. 

Among the sports in which greyhounds are used 
here is coyote hunting. The coyote is the wolf of the 
West, a cowardly, dog-like representative of the family, 
living in the recesses of the Arroyo by night, then 
coming out to arouse the dogs of the neighborhood by 
its maniacal laugh or bark. 

A good pack of fox-hounds or a few of these dogs 
are necessary to hunt the coyotes out, and when on the 
open the greyhounds soon bring them down, and a 
fierce fight often ensues. A fair ground for this sport 
is in the hills near Lincoln Park, or the Puente Hills, 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 93 

to the south, the coyote often lurking near the sheep 
which feed on the hills near here. 

The sport which perhaps possesses the greatest attrac- 
tion to the stranger is that of wild-cat hunting. The 
wild-cat here attains a good size, weighing sometimes 
fifty pounds ; hence it is well calculated to make a good 
fight with the dogs. The essentials are a pack of fox- 
hounds and a mount. There is little or no hard riding ; 
the sport consisting in seeing the skill with which the 
hounds will find and tree the cats. 

Mr. Arturo Bandini, of the Pasadena Hunt, owns 
the finest pack in the vicinity, and to his courtesy the 
lovers of sport are often indebted. The meet is generally 
upon Orange Grove Avenue, or some spot contiguous 
to the Arroyo. And before the dew is off the 
grass, and while the scent is fresh, the musical notes 
of Mr. Bandini's horn may be heard, followed by 
the fitful baying of the hounds ; and then horsemen 
and women come from all directions — parties from 
The Raymond and other hotels, and from Los 
Angeles and San Gabriel, swelling the hunt to large 
proportions. 

The horn brings the dogs in, and just as the sun is 
coming up from Arizona the hunt winds down into the 
Arroyo. The dew glistens on the leaves ; the brook, 
reinforced by winter rains, rushes musically along ; 
the trees — sycamores, oaks, and others — are rich in 
new-born tints ; wild flowers and vines spring from 
every crevice ; and one feels that, if a wild-cat is not 
started, he is well repaid by seeing the green, leafy 
Arroyo at early morning. The hounds are the best in 
the country, and they waste no time, but soon begin 
the hunt; dashing into the jungle, penetrating the 



94 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

brush with noses close to the ground, uttering fitful 
bays, telling that they have a suspicion of game. 

They cover a large area, filling the woods with, to 
the hunter, a melody of sounds. Then comes a short, 
quick series of yelps, and the dogs rush to it. Louder 
grows the roar, coming on the wind, making the horses 
dance and human pulses jump with excitement. Louder 
and louder it comes ; then with a rush the pack dashes 
by in full cry. " Stand back ! " shouts the huntsmen ; 
''don't cross the scent." And then the dogs having 
passed on, the entire field is away; some up the Arroyo, 
others taking the bank, scrambling among the vines 
and jungle ; and finally we see a dark long-tailed animal 
trotting along through the brush high up the bank. 
A red fox. It is a poor place for this sort of game, and 
the dogs are called back and Reynard left for the time. 

Down the Arroyo the hunt goes ; some following the 
stream, others the road, passing beneath the bridge, 
and after a canter across the fields coming out above 
Sycamore Grove, where the cliff is high and precipitous. 
Here is a famous ground for cats ; and, while the horses 
stand beneath the great trees and girths are tightened, 
the dogs are taken around, and soon their musical bay- 
ing comes from far above. Now it breaks into a roar, 
and a moment later a small gray animal breaks cover 
and slides down the precipice a few feet, scrambling 
back at the cheers that greet her. But the dogs are 
on the scent, and finally they work down, and dash 
madly through the bush. The small animal is next 
seen climbing or scrambling up a sycamore, and the 
shout of " treed " is passed along the line. A moment 
later and the tree is surrounded ; at its roots the pack, 
gazing upward with open mouths flecked with foam 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 95 

and eyes gleaming with excitement ; back the row of 
horses, ladies sorry for the cat; gentlemen exultant, 
and all counting on the skin as a trophy. 

Puss is caught, and no mistake. She sits on a limb, 
looking down at her tormentors with a savage gleam 
in her eye ; her short tail twitches nervously, and is a 
very expressive organ. Now a small boy starts up the 
sycamore. As he approaches. Puss draws nearer the 
trunk, looks all around as if counting the chances, 
eyes the boy, then the dogs and cruel foes beneath. 
Nearer comes the boy ; he taps her with a switch, and 
with a short run she is away fifty or sixty feet into the 
air — a noble jump. Down she goes ; crashing into the 
brush, escaping the dogs by a hair's breadth, and dash- 
ing among the horses. For a moment all is confusion ; 
then Puss is seen in another tree, and the same scene 
is enacted. Sometimes she escapes entirely; as a 
rule, the third rush is fatal, and she drops fairly into 
the pack ; making a vaUant tearing, biting, and clawing 
with the fury of desperation, and only succumbing to 
numbers. 

To describe the excitement of \\^& finale is difficult. 
The dozen or more dogs each endeavor to seize the cat, 
and she soon becomes a victim to their fury, conse- 
quently suffers but little. The roaring of the dogs, the 
snarling, the yells and shouts of the hunters, create a 
pandemonium hard to realize. The hounds are allowed 
to kill the cat; then the huntsman rushes in and 
endeavors to rescue it, a matter of no little difficulty; 
and, after a hand to hand struggle, the cat is torn away 
and held aloft out of their reach. 

Like other sport, wild-cat hunting is fickle. Some 
days three or four will be caught, and again none are 



96 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

found. The most propitious time is after rain, early in 
the morning, when the scent is fresh and before the 
dew and moisture have evaporated. As a rule the 
hunts last from six or seven in the morning until twelve, 
and may be joined at any time, if the route is previously 
learned from the master of the hounds. 

The canons and arroyos abound in the red fox, but 
it is useless to hunt them, as they invariably take to 
the hills where horse or rider cannot follow them. Fox 
hunting, however, can be had here, the country being 
peculiarly adapted to it. The fox should be trapped 
and brought down into the open country at least five 
miles from the mountains. To the lover of out-door 
life sport of this kind is a pleasure, in that it affords 
an excuse for social life in the open air. The hunt to 
many is a secondary feature ; yet, if it affords entertain- 
ment and draws one from the hotel piazzas, it is to be 
commended. 



CHAPTER XL 

THE VINEYARDS AND ORANGE GROVES. 

MANY persons entertain the belief that Pasadena, 
having a dry summer, must necessarily present a 
burnt and verdureless appearance a portion of the 
year ; but never was a greater mistake. Pasadena itself 
is as green, indeed, in some respects more so, in sum- 
mer as in winter. In the winter come the wild flowers, 
the hay crop, and the grains, that cover the country with 
rich tints of green ; while in summer we have the luxu- 
riant and varied foliage of the peach, apple, cherry, 
apricot, fig, orange, and grape in countless variety. 

It may be of interest to know exactly what to expect 
in this ever-green land, and the following is a mere 
suggestion : — 

Oranges, lemons, and limes are found in the market 
every month in the year, and may be kept a year or 
more on the tree. These fruits naturally ripen in 
February, March, or April ; cherries from June to 
August ; blackberries and apricots from June to Sep- 
tember. From June to January you have raspberries 
and peaches ; from June to November, plums and 
prunes ; nectarines, July to September ; grapes from 
July to January ; pomegranates and quinces, August 
to December ; Japanese persimmons, November and 
December ; loquats, April and July ; guavas, all the 
year ; currants. May and July ; apples, May to February; 
alfalfa, five to seven crops a year ; potatoes, two crops, 
a year, and on good land two crops of grain have been 



.98 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

taken. By the use of a system of cold storage now 
introduced here, nearly all fruits can be had at any 
time during the year. Vegetables are raised all the 
year round. 

The large patches of green which are seen in look- 
ing down upon Pasadena from an elevation are orange 
groves and vineyards. The former are ever green, 
while the vineyards leaf out in early spring, and con- 
tinue until the fall, as in the East, when they are all 
cut back, and during the winter resemble a collection 
of dead roots springing from the ground. The orange 
groves, taken in masses, constitute the chief beauty of 
the country. They are always green, and the blossom, 
bud, ripe and green fruit, may be seen upon the tree 
at the same time. 

The orange was probably introduced into this coun- 
try from Spain ; and the oldest trees, seventy years 
or more, are to be found down at San Gabriel. Hardly 
a portion of Pasadena but boasts a grove ; in fact, the 
city is laid out in a vast orange grove. Orange Grove 
Avenue, the finest resident street, is cut through one. 
Many of these have been neglected or lawns allowed 
to grow up around them, so they do not produce as fine 
fruit as may be found elsewhere. 

Examples of extensive groves may be seen at Bald- 
win's and Rose's ranches. At Kinneyloa many different 
varieties are seen, as the seedling, Mediterranean sweet, 
the Washington Navel, the blood orange, mandarin, and 
many more. The Navel is seedless, and took the prize 
over all oranges of this country at the New Orleans 
Exposition. 

The orange groves of Pasadena range from one or 
two up to fifteen years old. Trees will bear when three 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



99 



or four years old, and begin to pay when five or six. 
What has been done, and what one can do with an 
orange grove, are two very different things. Many 
people in Pasadena obtain a fair living from their 
groves, while others do not. 




orange: picking. 

The grove of Col. B. D. Wilson has been known to 

yield ^i,8oo per acre per season, each tree producing 

oranges valued at $70. The following statement is 

quoted to show the possibilities ; but it will be noticed 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



that in the immediate vicinity of the crown of the valley 
land cannot be obtained at the price quoted. 



OUTLAY. 




Ten acres of land 


$1,000 


One thousand trees ..... 


750 


Planting and caring for same first season 




at $25 per acre .... 


250 


Caring for orchard second year at $15 per 




acre . . .... 


150 


Third year $15 per acre .... 


150 


Fourth year $20 per acre 


200 


Fifth year $25 per acre .... 


250 


Extras 


550 


Total 


$3,300 


Interest on investment .... 


1,000 



Total . . . $4,300 

RECEIPTS. 

Third year a few oranges for home consumptioa. 
Fourth year, 50 oranges to the tree ; 50,000 at $20 
per 100, $1,000. Fifth year, 200 to the tree; 200,000 
oranges at $20 per 100, $4,000. This estimate is based 
on the books of a Pasadenian in 1885. Since then 
there have been many changes ; chief of which is the 
advance in land. There are in Southern California 
over half a million bearing orange trees. This means 
in the past season a shipment of 2,500 car loads East. 
A car contains about 300 boxes, which gives us 750,000 
oranges — California's winter offering to the East. 

The trees attain nearly their full development at fif- 
teen years, and may then be twenty-three or twenty- 
four feet high, with a trunk three feet in circumference. 
Such a tree may bear four thousand oranges a season ; 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. lOl 

the retail value of which in the East would be 
$200. 

The orange, lemon, and lime trees are the ones which 
need irrigation, being watered well three or four times 
during the season. This is done by scooping up 
basins about the trees, and connecting them by canals, 
so that the basins are all filled. 

The sight of a grove laden with the golden fruit is a 
very attractive one. Later, the Indian, Mexican, and 
American gangs of pickers go around, and pyramids of 
the golden spheres are seen in the groves. The fruit 
is washed, wiped, and sorted according to size and color, 
and finally shipped, to compete with the Mediterranean 
and Florida productions. On many ranches, as Rose's 
and Baldwin's, and near the old mill are fine groves of 
the English walnut. The trees are extremely beautiful, 
and those of some orchards realize $200 per acre in 
the season. The tree comes into bearing when about 
ten years old. Some fine examples may be seen on 
Walnut Street. 

The vast vineyards that cover miles of country here 
attract attention in the winter by their grotesque 
appearance, resembling roots set on end with some 
regularity. This is due to the fact that every fall the 
vines are cut back. All summer they are at their 
best, and in the autumn loaded with grapes, the 
bunches of the mission variety often weighing over 
five pounds. Most of the vintage here goes to the 
great wineries of Shorb, Baldwin, or Rose, and in 
other localities are made into raisins. In 1885 
Southern California sent out over half a million boxes, 
and proposes in time to rule the business. In 1884 
fifty-three million pounds of raisins were sent into this 



I02 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

country from Europe, with high tariff. In the future 
California can meet this entire demand. The present 
volume is merely intended to suggest interesting fea- 
tures to the tourist ; and in the various industries of 







A PASADENA VINEYARD. 



the San Gabriel one may find an extended field. 
California can supply the entire country with wine, 
preserved fruit, olives, nuts, small fruits, raisins, 
oranges, lemons, limes, and many of the articles now 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. I03 

imported. At Linda Vista the visitor will find an 
experimental station, where forest trees are to be 
planted. The Hon. Abbot Kinney, of Lamanda 
Park, is the Commissioner of Forestry in this section. 
In almost every^ place in the city are found fig trees, 
bearing a large crop of this valuable fruit, and some 
large groves have been established. The fact that 
we import nearly eight million pounds of figs yearly 
is suggestive of the possibilities in this direction. 

So with the olive. The northeastern portion of 
Pasadena is called Olivewood, as here was originally 
planted a large olive grove ; and on the slopes near 
Millard Canon an olive grove was started some years 
ago that would have been the largest in the world, 
had not the land increased so in value that the idea 
was abandoned. In San Diego County olive trees are 
known to pay $ioo to $150 per tree. There are up 
to date about a thousand acres in California planted 
with olives. Good-sized trees may be seen upon any 
of the large ranches. 

The tourist will notice in the Pasadena landscape 
square blocks of forest trees rising plume-like to a 
height of from sixty to one hundred feet. These are 
eucalyptus forests or groves, planted for fire wood by 
ranchers who have land to spare. Taking an actual 
case, a rancher planted sixty acres with twenty-six 
thousand eucalyptus plants which cost $io a thousand. 
Planting, plowing, and cultivating, including the hire 
of a man for six months, cost, including the trees, 
nearly $1,000, which was the expense for the first year. 
The second year it cost $480, after which there was 
no expense. The trees grow rapidly, and at five 
years are large enough to cut. 



CHAPTER XII. 

THE TRUE LAND OF FLOWERS. 
Poppies, Yucca, Cacti, Trees, etc. 

FLORIDA has been called the land of flowers, but 
it was because the floral possibilities of Southern 
California were unknown. Between the two there is 
no comparison. As winter approaches in the land of 
gold, form after form appears, until in mid-winter 
the wealth of verdure is bewildering to the eye. 

The mesas, that have been burnt and brown, at the 
bidding of the first rain assume a change of raiment- 
first green, with the rapid growing aljileria, so valuable 
as natural fodder. This covers the length and breadth 
of the land, marking the high and by ways with new- 
born tints, while the little star-shaped pink blossom 
lends loveliness by the contrast. Soon after the 
advent of the alfileria comes a delicate, bell-shaped, 
cream-colored flower, daintily poised aloft on slender 
stalk. On the upper slopes they mass like snow, 
changing the color of the fields. In February, or 
possibly earlier, comes the poppy. Splashes of color 
appear here and there; the afterglow of the moun- 
tains seems to have been transferred to the plains 
below, and finally the slopes appear afire with the 
golden flower. In certain places — near canons, on 
the hills of San Rafael ranch, and in Wilson's Canon 
— the "shooting star," or American cowslip, is found. 
Yellow violets now appear, covering the ground in 




PROPOSED UNION CLUB BUILDING, COLORADO STREET. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



107 



many places, nodding in clumps in the grain fields, or 
forming a gorgeous border to the roadside, together 

with masses of a little blue cup-shaped flower the 

"baby bluetts " of the children. At first we may keep 
the newcomers well in hand ; but now others follow 
. so quickly that we are lost in confusion. The 
painter's brush colors the hillsides and fields with 
vivid tints, resting on a matting of velvet greens, 
formed by clovers of many kinds. The iris rears its 
graceful shape in brilliant masses, while evening 
primrose, rock rose, wild pea, tulip, and many more 
are distinguishable in the floral throng. Bells of blue 
and white, trumpets of purple and pink, the lovely 
Fenste7}i07i, the gorgeous silene, huge ox-eyed daisies, 
delicate crucifers, golden dandelions, blue and white 
snapdragons, pale pink morning glories, and count- 
less others make up this winter greeting, which can- 
not be described or even enumerated here. 7'he 
lilies are of especial beauty. A curious lavender one, 
the Mariposa lily, is found late in the season at 
Lincoln Park, near the fields of wild mustard, that 
bears gold dust on its stalks. Washington's lily. 
Parry's, and Humboldt's are all here, while the treas- 
ured calla of the East is an alien hedge plant. 

The common plant of the mesa is the sage, among 
which flourishes the yerba santa of the Mexicans, 
a local "cure all." The slopes of the mountains are 
covered with rich flowering shrubs. Here is the 
scarlet gooseberry {Ribis spedosiwi), with its barberry- 
like flower. This has been introduced into Pasadena 
by Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, the well-known and distin- 
guished botanist; her beautiful home, on the corner of 
Colorado Street and Orange Grove Avenue, aftording 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



109 



examples. The plant can be seen growing wild on the 
Scoville trail, back of the city. The cacti attract the 
attention of the tourist, and many different kinds can 
be found in the Arroyo and mesa. 

One of the most striking plants is the yucca {Yucca 
jBaccata). Two species are seen in the Arroyo and on 
the foot-hills, sending up a stalk upon which hang 
innumerable white bells that jangle in the soft wind — 
music that reaches man as incense. At a distance 
these bells form a gleaming mass of white, and, stand- 
ing amid the bayonet leaves, vividly call to mind a 
candle-stick; and so it has been called "The Candle- 
stick of the Lord." 

The forest trees are principally in the canons and 
upon the lofty northern slopes of the Sierras : Douglas 
firs. Coulter pines, fine large oaks ; the black variety 
of the plain often having a spread of one hundred 
and fifty feet. In former years the live oaks were 
extremely common about Pasadena, and some fine 
specimens still stand in the Wilson pasture. 

In the arroyos and canons the sycamore is the most 
conspicuous, and near the Devil's Gate are some fine 
trees. The cotton wood is also a familiar form, and 
in the upper canons the bay tree lends fragrance to 
the air. The possibilities of forestry in Southern 
California can best be appreciated and understood 
after a visit to " Carmelita," the home of Mrs. Carr, 
where almost every tree in this country, and many 
from foreign lands, may be seen. 

To the lover of flowers or botany in the abstract, 
this region offers a most interesting study, from the 
ferns and giant brakes of the canons to the lofty firs 
of the upper Sierras. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

THE SEASIDE RESORTS. 
Santa Monica, Long Beach, Santa Catalina, San Pedro, etc. 

A REFERENCE to Pasadena would be incomplete 
''*■ without mention of its resources in the way of 
seaside resorts. In previous chapters the canons, 
mountains, valleys, arroyos, and other inland retreats 
have been referred to as of especial interest to the 
invalid who may desire a change. Pasadena is 
equally rich in resorts at the sea level, and in little 
more than an hour one may descend from the nine 
hundred feet which constitute its altitude, and enjoy, 
winter or summer, the pleasures of ocean bathing. 

Santa Monica is the natural watering-place of the 
county, and destined to be the most important in 
the future. The summer climate is always cool, while 
the winter is milder if anything than that of the 
interior, and the change between day and night 
somewhat less. The town, which stands upon a high 
bluff over one hundred feet above the ocean, in a 
commanding position, is composed of comfortable and 
attractive homes, embowered with a profusion of 
tropical plants and trees. Here are numerous hotels, 
a fine beach for bathing, and a condition of things 
in winter extremely peculiar to the tourist from the 
East. 

Santa Monica in winter is surrounded by a rich 
.green sward, spreading away for miles, and to the 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. Ill 

north reaching up to the Sierra Santa Monica range 
of mountains, that abound in beautiful, well-v/ooded 
canons, inhabited only by the bee-keepers. In this 
proximity to the mountains Santa Monica combines, 
the pleasures of inland and seaside ; and one may 
ride along the beach, and turn up one of the little 
canons, and find him or herself in a few moments 
apparently far from every suggestion of the ocean. 

Santa Monica is the fashionable watering-place of 
Southern California. Here is the Casino, built after 
the plan of the one at Newport. The lawn tennis, 
tournaments are held here and the fashionable balls, 
of the season. The beach affords a horseback ride of 
twenty miles or more. To the north the mountains 
reach down to the water, and here the sea has broken 
through and formed an arch of interesting appear- 
ance. Santa Monica can be reached from Pasadena 
by cars in little over an hour ; but in winter, when the 
rains have laid the dust, it is a delightful trip either 
on horseback or by carriage, the road leading by old 
ranches and through fields of flowers, skirting the 
Sierra Santa Monica range. 

Long Beach is the next watering-place, ranked 
according to distance. It can be reached by rail in 
less than two hours, while good carriage roads lead to 
it. The beach here is finer than at Santa Monica, 
allowing driving at any time. Good hotels and 
cottages have been built, and a thriving and attractive 
seaside town is the result, calling to mind Asbury 
Park, on the New Jersey coast. 

Between Santa Monica and Long Beach lie San. 
Pedro and Wilmington, the former interesting as being 
the port of entry of Los Angeles. Here the yachts of 



112 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

the Los Angeles Club make their headquarters, and 
tne steamer starts for one of the most interesting 
localities in the vicinity — Santa Catalina Island. 

The island is about thirty miles off shore, seventeen 
miles long, and from five to seven miles wide. It 
is a mountain range — a disconnected spur of the 
Sierra Madres — rising up through the blue waters of 
the Pacific. The only available level land is in the 
canons, or where they open out and reach the ocean. 
The largest of these, at the southeastern end of the 
island, has been selected as a hotel site, a wharf 
built, and here hundreds of tenters make their 
summer home. The upper range is easily gained 
on horseback, and extended rides may be taken 
over the entire island. On reaching the west side, 
the scene is grand and impressive. You sit upon 
your horse, and look over the edge of an almost 
sheer precipice that falls away for fifteen hundred or 
two thousand feet. The waves are seen breaking 
upon the rocks far below — so far that the sound does 
not reach you. The bark of the sea lion comes 
faintly from the rocks off shore ; and the bits of fog 
blowing in, partly intercepting the view, give an idea 
of greater height above the ocean. Years ago the 
island was stocked with goats that are now fairly wild, 
and afford some sport to the hunter who enjoys hard 
riding and climbing. The charm of Catalina lies in 
its rocky shores, its miniature bays, diftering from the 
shore of the mainland. The fishing is good in season ; 
and the temperature here, like that of Coronado 
Beach, varies but little day after day, while the nights 
are much more mild than localities on the mainland. 
A summer at Catalina may be compared to an ocean 
voyage — without the discomforts. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



113 



The hotel at Catalina is built upon the site of an old 
Indian graveyard, and numbers of interesting relics of 
bygone days have been unearthed. Two hundred years 
ago the island sustained a large native population ; but 
time and causes about which little or nothing is know^n 
have tended to produce their utter extinction. 

In the future, probably many of the bays or canon 
openings will be built up with towns or villages. 
Santa Barbara is within a few hours of Pasadena, and 
San Diego and Coronado Beach, four hours — facts 
which point to its being the centre of all the principal 
points of interest. 




GRAND OPERA HOUSE, RAYMOND AVENUE. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

LONG RIDES. 

The Indian village of Pachanga. Camulos. San Fernando Mission. 
San Juan, etc. 

PASADENA is the centre of a most interesting 
region midway between Santa Barbara, San Diego, 
and other localities famous for their historical 
reminiscences. 

From Pasadena in any direction excellent roads 
lead away; and for hundreds of miles one can travel 
on highways quite as good as those in the cities and 
towns, with the assurance of finding good accommo- 
dations at short intervals. 

This makes long rides, not only possible, but 
delightful ; and the object of the present chapter is to 
point out some which are especially desirable. For 
a drive of three or four days or a week, a party may 
be made up of four, six, or more people. A good 
double team is required, with seats according to the 
number, and a saddle horse may be taken to be used 
in turn by gentlemen or ladies, and for the latter a 
side-saddle can be conveniently fastened to the axle 
and allowed to swing. A driver is not a necessity, as 
there is little or no chance of losing the way. A good 
plan is to take a lunch each day, to be enjoyed picnic 
fashion on the road wherever one may be, taking the 
other meals at hotels. 

Trip number one may be to the Pala Mission, in 
San Diego County. Leaving Pasadena early in the 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. I15 

morning, we drive through San Gabriel, skirt Puente 
and the low country thereabouts, following the moun- 
tains, that are five or six miles away, wind among the 
hills, passing many old Mexican adobes, reaching 
Pomona by three or four o'clock. After passing the 
night at the Hotel Palomares, in early morning we 
drive around town and away to the east through an 
uninteresting country — almost a desert, were it not for 
the flowers. Ontario is in sight a few miles distant, 
and we make the Ontario Hotel for dinner, take a ride 
on the grand fifteen-mile drive that leads up to the 
mountains, and are off for the east again, twenty miles 
or so, to San Bernadino. 

Here the country is flat and uninteresting, covered 
with low bush, and the road at times sandy, though 
when passed over by the writer in fair shape. To the 
south the railroad is seen, and the curious volcano-like 
peaks about Riverside. Near the range are several 
ranches of interest, as that of Mr. Petch, where trees 
of all kinds may be seen in a high state of cultivation, 
showing what can be done with water in what appears 
a desert. 

San Bernadino is reached at night ; and, if the 
Arrow Head Springs are to be visited, the party would 
stay here ; if not, another hour will take them through 
Colton, and so on to Riverside to The Glenwood, 
which is cozy and homelike. From Riverside the 
road to Perris is taken, passing Elsinore and its 
famous lake, Lucerne, with its coal mines, terra cotta, 
etc., reaching Murrietta at night. From here a visit 
should be made to the Santa Rosa ranch, owned by 
Parker Dear, Esq., which occupies seventy-two square 
miles on the crest of the Temecula range. A day can 



Il6 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

be well spent here and in the lovely canons of the 
range. 

From here we pass the old ranches of Murrietta and 
Gonzales, the latter the site of an ancient village. The 
writer is indebted to Mr. Gonzales for many interest- 
ing relics found here. Down through the barren town 
of Temecuia we drive, and are now in the country 
described by " H. H. " in " Ramona." Over to the left, 
up a little valley, is the ranch of Mrs. Ramona Wolf, 
where Mrs. Jackson obtained much valuable material 
for her literary work. Near by is the now deserted 
graveyard where Ramona waited while Alessandro 
went to the half store, half inn, to pawn his violin. 
The country about possesses a peculiar charm. There 
are old memories at every mile post. 

Here is Judge Magee's, where we may pick up an 
Indian to guide us ; for not far away is the old 
village of Pachanga, where the Indian is seen living 
in his picturesque hut perched on hill tops, with leafy 
ramada about it. Here the matate is still used, and 
huge stone mortars lie about. The younger genera- 
tion speak a guttural Mexican patois, but the old men 
and women use the Indian tongue. Here Indian 
baskets can be bought, about which there is such a 
craze. The small ones are worth from 50 cents 
to $1.50 for bowls and plaques, while the large fruit 
baskets bring from $2 to $4. 

Pachanga is well worth a visit ; and, if the long 
carriage ride is not desired, the Santa Fe road can be 
taken to Murrietta and carriages hired here. 

Leaving Pachanga we continue over fine roads, leav- 
ing the Santa Fe road as it cuts through the mountains, 
and head for Palomar, or Smith's Mountain. The 



Pasadena and its vicinity. iiy- 

road now leads through a magnificent canon, rocky, 
and abounding in grand scenery. For two hours we 
wind down, passing several adobe ruins and flourish- 
ing ranches, and finally come out in the attractive 
Pala Valley at the old Mission of that name, where 
we shall receive a warm welcome from Mrs. Veal, a 
sister of Mrs. Wolf, whose husband keeps the only 
hotel, an adobe house, at which " H. H." stopped dur- 
ing her tour in this section. The railroad has not 
reached Pala yet, and it is a quiet, attractive spot, well 
worthy the trip. From here we may in a day visit the 
Pauma Mission, about ten miles up the valley; but it 
hardly repays the ride, though the Indian village there 
will perhaps produce some baskets. This trip will, if 
followed leisurely, take a week. The return may be 
made to the west of the range, or back by Riverside, 
down Santa Ana Canon, and back through Orange, 
Fulton Wells, etc. 

An interesting ride from Pasadena is to the Mission 
of San Juan Capistrano. This occupies two or three 
days. The road takes us through San Gabriel, skirting 
Whittier, Santa Fe Springs, Anaheim, Santa Ana, Tus- 
tin, and Orange ; San Juan being about twenty-two miles 
from the latter and about three miles from the Pacific. 
The old Mission, founded in 1776, though fast going 
to decay, still shows signs of ancient splendor. The 
country hereabouts is attractive, especially in winter; 
groves of cotton-wood and eucalypti lending beauty 
to the situation. San-Juan-by-the-Sea is the next 
place west, and from here the road can be followed 
leading down to San Diego, passing the thriving sea- 
side resorts of Del Mar, Carlsbad, Ocean Side, etc. ; 
but for a carriage ride San Juan Capistrano is the best 



Il8 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

terminus. The Santa Fe road now passes through 
this region. Here is the famous Laguna ranch and 
the rich ranches of the Santa Ana Valley. 

A third ride, occupying two days, is to the San Fer- 
nando Rey Mission. The road up the La Canada 
Valley can be taken, or by passing through Glendale 
and following the railroad. This Mission was estab- 
lished in 1797. There is a good hotel at San Fer- 
nando or in its immediate vicinity. 

The San Fernando Rey Mission is in the centre of 
the township of that name, and was built by moneys 
provided by Charles IV., of Spain, and the Mar- 
quis of Branceforte, Viceroy of Mexico. It was erected 
in honor of Ferdinande V., King of Castile and 
Aragon. 

Like the other missions it is falling to decay; but in 
the good old times, with its out-buildings, it extended 
for nearly a mile and a half. The greater number of 
missions have entirely disappeared, while others are 
represented by mounds of disintegrating adobe earth. 

The olive trees about the old Mission were planted 
by the Franciscan Fathers before the adoption of the 
Constitution of the United States. The ancient trees 
still produce an abundant supply of fruit. 

The Camulos ranch will be remembered as the 
:liome of Ramona, and is one of the few old places 
remaining in Ventura County. Here the old customs 
are still kept up, and in July of every year the annual 
fiesta of the Dal Valle family is held. Camulos 
is a long day's drive northwest of Pasadena, per- 
haps forty-five or fifty miles. Mrs. Jackson was at 
Camulos only a few hours, yet she has given a vivid 
description of the home in " Ramona," and the visitor 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. II9 

should read the book before making the trip. Mr. 
Charles F. Lummis, city editor of the Los Angeles 
Ti?nes, has published a handbook of Camulos, giving 
photographs of the points of interest referred to in 
"Ramona," which will add to the interest of the visit. 
ThQjiesta is a gathering of the family and their friends 
at the old homestead. It generally lasts for four 
days, during which time the guests of Camulos number 
from seventy-five to one hundred ladies and gentle- 
men. Each day is given over to some different 
pleasure. An entire ox is killed and eaten, tlie old 
dances are revived, and fair women and gallant gentle- 
men toast the old memories. 

Santa Barbara can be easily made by carriage. 
Indeed, this method of traveling is a very common one 
in Southern California, and many tourists with their 
own teams travel from Pasadena to San Francisco and 
beyond in this way. 

In the summer the range of the Sierra Madres is 
frequented by campers, who penetrate the deep canons 
and enjoy the pure air of the upper range. San 
Antonio Canon is within a day's drive of Pasadena, 
and here one may find scenery of the most varied 
description. Camp may be formed up the canon by 
the side of the trout stream, and the trip made to the 
summit of Old Baldy, or Mount San Antonio, as it 
should be called. From here, where one can possibly 
snowball in July, the most remarkable view on the 
American continent is to be had. Away to the east 
stretches the desert of Arizona, a tract so barren and 
deadly that few have ever attempted it in midsummer; 
while to the west, separated by the mountains, lies the 
most fertile country in the world, glowing with fruit 



I20 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



and flower. On one hand rise the lofty rain clouds of 
the Arizona wet season ; on the other it is summer, 
and no rain falls. So strange a condition of affairs 
climatic can be seen no where else in this country. 




■^ jRjK*i=^^H#- 



PROPOSED YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING. 



CHAPTER XV. 

THE FAUNA. 
Spiders, Lizards, Snakes, Natural curiosities, Trap-door Spiders, Birds, etc. 

WHILE Pasadena has an interesting fauna, it is 
absolutely free from any insects or other ani- 
mals dangerous in any way. The rattlesnake is found 
in Southern California, the tarantula, centipede, and 
scorpion ; but one might live in Pasadena ten years, 
and never know that they were included in the fauna. 
The writer has ridden through the brush and over 
every portion of the outlying country for three years, 
and has seen but one rattlesnake. Around the city 
they are never found, and in the outlying country 
they are rarely if ever seen. So that one may feel 
perfect security — at least the same one would feel in 
the East — in making excursions to the canons and 
various haunts of interest. The objectionable insects 
have to be hunted for. The scorpions here are sub- 
terranean in their habits, living under stones and in 
the ground, and rarely are seen. The big tarantula 
has a similar habit, living in a deep burrow with an 
open mouth, generally covered over with a web. 
These monsters have a spread of four or five and even 
more inches, but are cowardly, having to be dug out 
or tempted by running a stick into the burrow. It is 
the generally accepted and popular belief that it is the 
big tarantula that makes the trap-doors ; but this is an 
error. The big spider is known as Taraiitida Henzei, 



122 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

and simply makes a burrow. The trap-door maker is 
a smaller spider, known scientifically as Cteniza Cali- 
fornica. The trap-doors, which are familiar objects in 
all the shops, are the ingenious work of these little 
creatures. A long tunnel is built, lined with silk, and 
a door of silk and adobe formed, adjusted so perfectly 
that it is water-tight and self-closing. The tops of the 
Puente Hills, back of The Raymond, afford number- 
less examples of these little homes, while the larger 
spiders can be found in the fields out of the city. A 
shovel or pick is a requisite in the hunt. 

The winter at Pasadena is sufficiently cool to force 
the snakes into a state of coma known as a winter 
sleep, and one of these reptiles is rarely if ever seen 
from November tc April. During this season they 
are coiled up beneath the ground in burrows or holes. 
A variety of beautiful lizards are seen, but the chill 
of winter nights sends them into a partial state of 
hibernation, though the warm midday sun often brings 
them out again. One of the most attractive of these 
little creatures has a rich mottled brown body, with a 
tail of vivid blue. It is rarely seen, and then only for 
a moment. When the flowers appear, a variety of 
attractive butterflies come out; and a lumbering black 
beetle, popularly known as the bombardier, is a com- 
mon sight. Touch him, and he raises his canon-like 
body upon his long legs, and discharges from two 
little glands a yellowish liquid, poisonous to many 
animals and extremely disagreeable to a human 
enemy. It is the defence of the beetle, and a most 
effective one. 

Among the mammals not previously referred to, are 
badgers, large, flat fellows, the makers of many of the 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 123 

big burrows found on the 7Jiesa; ground squirrels, 
which, with the wood rats, give rise to the popular say- 
ing that in California the rats live in trees and the 
squirrels in the ground. The squirrels are seen' every- 
where in vacant lots, sharing the upper crust with the 
gopher {Gcomys), that forms tunnels much after the 
fashion of the mole, though doing far more damage. 

The wood rat {jieotamd) bears some resemblance 
to the common rat, though having a shorter tail. The 
big bunches of grass and other material sometimes 
seen in trees, and again about the roots of small trees, 
are their homes. 

There is also a jumping rat, " pocket rat," kangaroo 
rat {Dipodomys), passing under many names, an attrac- 
tive little creature, with long hind legs like those 
of a kangaroo. It is crepuscular in its habits, and 
rarely seen. On each side of the mouth are pockets, 
in which large numbers of seeds can be stowed away. 

Two species of skunks are found here, a large and a 
small. They are rarely seen or met with, though the 
small ones, beautiful animals, have a curious habit of 
taking up their abode in the walls of houses when they 
can obtain entrance. They soon drive out rats and 
mice, and, when the offensive glands have been re- 
moved, they make interesting pets. 

The loon is very abundant in the arroyos ; and on the 
mesas a reddish-brown little animal, the weasel, is 
sometimes seen. In the upper range a wolf is occa- 
sionally shot ; and the coyote and fox represent it 
lower down. The eastern toad is missed here. In 
place of it there is a heavy, clumsy toad, seemingly a 
link between a toad and a frog ; it comes out at night 
from beneath the brush. A small toad, something 



124 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

like a tree toad, is found upon the rocks of the canons, 
mimicking them in color to a remarkable extent; and 
by the lake on San Rafael ranch the same little crea- 
ture is often found upon the leaves of water-loving 
plants. 

In the winter time myriads of birds are found in the 
valley. Here they winter or stay awhile on their voy- 
age to the extreme south. They range in size from 
the huge condor, having a stretch of wing nine feet 
across, to the delicate humming-bird. 

The robin here is not the joyous bird of the East, 
in tone and color being more subdued. The meadow 
lark is the glorious tuner, and in the season its notes 
are heard the length and breadth of the land. 

Here are several thrushes, one with a curved bill 
and remarkable song or note. Butcher birds haunt 
every grove, impaling lizards and insects upon the 
thorns. The turtle dove is more than common, its 
mournful note ringing in every eucalyptus grove ; and 
in the upper canon is found the mountain pigeon, a 
magnificent bird weighing two or three pounds. 

Owls we have in great numbers, from a great horned 
variety, found in lonesome canons, to the "monkey 
face " and little burrower of the lowlands. Orioles, 
warblers, mocking birds, woodpeckers, crow black- 
birds, and a host of others are here, but the woodcock 
and Eastern quail are absent. 

A characteristic bird is the chaparral cock or road 
runner or paisano, that runs along the byways with 
marvelous speed. Its eye is a marvel of beauty, not 
to say ferocity. It is of this bird that the rattlesnake 
corral story is told ; the bird, it is said, building a 
corral of cactus leaves about the rattler, then awaken- 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 1 25 

ing him to destruction on the spines. This story is 
generally considered a "fable;" though I have been 
told the story by men who had watched the bird build 
the corral, and a well-known surveyor in this county 
states that he has found the corrals, with the skeleton 
of the snake in the centre. There is possibly some 
mistake in the observations, though the story is not 
more wonderful than that of the gardener bird, and 
many more known to be true. In fall and spring the 
lakes abound in water birds ; a fine plover is often 
seen well inland, and a variety of shore birds. The 
Jack snipe is sometimes shot about Pasadena, though 
more common at the Chino ranch, over by Pomona. 

A variety of cranes and herons accompany the army 
of emigrants, and occasionally a brown pelican is seen. 
Of ducks and geese there is a surfeit ; the honk honk 
of the wild goose being often heard, while flocks of 
thousands are seen following the Sierras by night and 
day — north or south, as the case may be. To the 
lover of nature the fauna here is of great interest, and 
affords a wide field for the investigator. 

HINTS TO TOURISTS. 

The climate of Pasadena is so mild in winter, allow- 
ing the blooming of flowers throughout the season, 
that the impression is sometimes conveyed that this is 
a tropical climate, and many persons come prepared 
for a Cuban season. In matters of dress no change 
should be made from the East. In fact. Southern 
Californians dress, season for season, as Bostonians 
or New Yorkers do. In the winter months an over- 
coat is always needed at night, and sometimes in early 



126 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

morning and later in the day. In summer ordinary 
Eastern summer clothing is required. 

After exercising violently at tennis or riding, a new- 
comer should stand in the sun to get cool, instead of 
seeking a shade tree, as in the East. The difference 
between the sunlight and shade here makes this an 
important feature to a delicate person. After acclima- 
tization it is not noticed. 



i'ASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



27 



> lO •lata's '10 50 • 



Difference be' 
tween Jaii' 
and July. 



Number of 
Years Ob- 
served. 



1., .X., nr aoeooc5ioooc:c;'ii'-itoot>-ii3ooc50>flcc-*iccoTj<-tHe<ioc3 

MonthlyMean iSt-oot-ot--i<Tt<iAi:-aooot-cot-;ot-t-i»®t-t-t-t-i:-t-co 

for July. 



MonthlyMean 
for January. 



Approximate 
Elevation. 






CO o 
CS5 



o 
o 



■^ w ^ 









Annual Mean. ^• 



Difference be- o »o o m ri co t^ 1 
tween Jan.| 
and July. 



rt rli-H ,-H rt (M :^ ■ 



O I- ?0 : 
I -P L.^ CO ■ 



-fL't-f<'+'-t<cooo>i^ec3rao 
-r-r-r-t-f-ti-^ioiO'^cq 



Number of 
Years Ob- 
served. 



t-Oi-ll0I<l!»<MOO©C0OOOOOOO©OOO( 



MonthlyMean ta o 
for July. I 



t-co=£>ooooooaooooot-t-»t-t-t-t-t-t-t-t-t»t-t-t-i 



MonthlyMean g^gggS^S^lgSS 
for January. 



CO JO CO r-4 b- O ! 



Approximate 1 o 05 o 
Elevation. 1 =5 <n » 



2 !u s - cJDS 5- !=*5 a^^_r \-+i~^ 1:^.5'- bi)cs 



128 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



RELATIVE HUMIDITY. 



Name of Place. 



Relative Humidity. 



S3 






Pasadena 

Los Angeles, California . 

San Diego, California 

Santa Barbara, California 

Visalia, California 

San Francisco, California. 

Portland, Oregon 

Denver, Colorado 

Santa Fe, New Mexico 

St. Paul, Minnesota 

Chicago, Illinois 

New York City 

Boston, Massachusetts . . . 
Ashville, North California 

Jacksonville, Florida 

New Orleans, Louisiana . . 



67 
66 
75 
71 
42 
74 

m 

41 
35 
66 



79 

70 



56 
64 
69 
67 
72 
72 
77 
50 
46 
70 
71 
68 
70 
65 
69 
70 



56 
65 
72 
69 
57 
73 
71 
45 
41 
68 
70 
67 
70 
72 
70 
70 



POINTS OF INTEREST AND DISTANCES 
FROM PASADENA. 

Switzer's Camp 13 miles. 

Baldwin's Ranch, Race Course, etc. . . 5 miles. 

Rose's Winery, Ranch, etc 4 miles. 

San Gabriel Mission 2}4 miles. 

Old Mill (El Molino) 2 miles. 

Stoneman's Ranch i mile. 

San Rafael Ranch .... c ... . J4 mile. 

Las Cacitas 4 miles. 

Negro Canon 4 miles. 

Wilson's Peak 8 miles. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 



129 



Eaton's Canon e miles. 

Las Flores Canon 4 miles. 

Millard Caiion 4 miles. 

Arroyo Seco Canon 4 miles. 

Verdugo Canons 7 miles. 

Ostrich Farm ii^ miles. 

Sierra Madre Villa 6 miles. 

Mount Disappointment ir miles. 

Brown's Peak 8 miles. 

Wilson's Cafion 2 miles. 

Linda Vista 2 miles. 

Linda Vista Trail i^ miles. 

Fremont Trail 1^ mile. 

Eagle Rock i mile. 

Giddings' Trail 4 miles. 

Las Cacitas Trail 4 miles. 

Devil's Gate 2>^ miles. 

Devil's Gate Park 2 miles. 

Monk Hill 2 miles. 

Oak Knoll i mile. 

San Gabriel Winery 2 miles. 

Puente Hills 4 miles. 

Los Angeles p miles. 

Garvanza 3 miles. 

Eagle Rock Valley 3 miles. 

La Canada Valley . 41^ miles. 

Altadena 3 miles. 

Sierra Madre Mountains 4 miles. 

San Rafael Hills i^ mile. 

Olivewood i mile. 

San Rafael Tunnel i mile. 

Lincoln Park 2 miles. 

Arroyo Park ........... 3 miles.. 



130 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

CHURCHES AND SOCIETIES OF PASADENA. 

SOCIETIES. 

Select Knights A. O. U. W. — Pasadena Legion 
No. 18. G. M. Boston, Commander; J. Mills, Re- 
corder. At Library Hall, every Tuesday evening. 

Pasadena Lodge No. 151. Thursday evenings in 
Library Hall. L. C. Winston, M. W. ; Theo. Coleman, 
Recorder. 

I. O. O. F. — Pasadena Lodge No. 324. Wednes- 
day evenings, at Odd Fellows' Hall. S. P. Swear- 
ingen, M. D., N. G.; G. F. Peabody, R. S. 

Pasadena Encampment No. 84. Second and fourth 
Friday evenings at Odd Fellows' Hall, Doty Block. 
W. H. Darrow, C. P. ; A. C. Stevens, H. P.j W. Blick, 
Scribe. 

Rebecca Degree Lodge No. 121, I. O. O. F. Meets 
in Odd Fellows' Hall first and third Monday evenings 
of each month at 7.30. V. Martin, N. G. ; H. C. 
Mohn, Secretary. 

K. OF L. — Pasadena Assembly No. 105 1. Meets in 
Library Hall the second and fourth Saturday evenings 
of each month at 7.30. F. W. Bunnell, Secretary. 

G. A. R. — John F. Godfrey Post No. 93. Second 
and fourth Tuesday evenings of each month in Library 
Hall. Visiting comrades cordially invited. W. B. 
Vankirk, P. C. ; A. C. Drake, Adjutant. 

Woman's Relief Corps. — Meets the second and 
fourth Monday afternoon of each month in Library 
Hall, at 2.30. Visiting sisters cordially invited. Pres- 
ident, Mrs. C. B. Clapp ; Secretary, Mrs. Virginia 
Rippey. 

Sons of Veterans. — Phil Kearny Camp No. 7. 
Meets at Library Hall every Monday evening at 7.30. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. I3I 

Jas. Campbell, Capt. Comdg. ; S. L. Wallis, ist Ser- 
geant. 

K. OF P. — Pasadena Lodge No. 132. Every Tues- 
day, at Odd Fellows' Hall. Visiting knights always 
welcome. C. H. Stratton, C. C. ; G. F. Peabody, K. 
of R. and S. 

I. O. G. T. — Pasadena Lodge No. 173. Friday 
evening, Library Hall. Chas. B. Gray, W. C. T. ; H. 
M. Cole, W. S. 

Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of Pas- 
adena, Union No. 195. — Meetings every Monday, at 
7.30 p. M., at Mills' Hall. Visiting brothers cordially 
invited. 

F. & A. M. — Pasadena Lodge No. 272. Stated 
meetings fourth Monday of each month, in Masonic 
Hall. Visiting brethren cordially invited. R. Wil- 
liams, Master ; W. S. Nosworthy, Secretary. 

W. C. T. U. — The ladies of this society meet at 
the Baptist Church on the first Thursday and the third 
Thursday of each month, at 3.00 p. m. Cordial invita- 
tion to all, whether members or not. 

Pasadena Academy of Sciences. — Meet the sec- 
ond Tuesday in each month, subject to previous 
call. Hon. Delos Arnold, President; W. L. Vail, 
Recording Secretary. 

PUBLIC library. 

Open daily from 9.00 a. m. to 9.30 p. m. Reading- 
room free, and 25 cents per month for taking books. 
Mrs. S. E. Merritt, Librarian. 

CITY officers. 
Trustees.— M. M. Parker, Chairman of the Board; 



132 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

J. B. Young, A. G. Throop, Edson Turner, S. Town- 
send. 

Clerk and Assessor, Jas. H. Cambell ; Treasurer, 
Col. J. Banbury; Tax Collector and Chief of Police, 
1". N. Mundell. 

Board of Education. — Z. Decker, R. Williams, C. 
W. Buchanan. 

CHURCHES. 

Monk Hill Congregational. — Sunday school and 
gospel service. Fair Oaks Avenue, opposite Painter 
Hotel. Services every Sunday at 2.30 p. m. Rev. 
L. F. Bickford, Pastor. 

United Presbyterian. — Morgan Hall every Sab- 
bath at 11.00 A. M., Sabbath school at 10.00 a. m. 
Services by Rev. James Kelso, residence Madison 
Avenue, south of Colorado. 

Olivewood Congregational. — Sunday school and 
gospel service at Olivewood station. Rev. L. F. 
Bickford, Pastor. Sunday school at 3.00 p. m. Preach- 
ing at 7.00 p. M. every Sunday. 

First Holiness Church. — Corner Moline Avenue 
and Illinois Street. Services every Sunday at 10.00 
A. M. and 3.00 p. M. 

Congregational. — Services at church corner of 
California Street and Pasadena Avenue every Sunday 
at 11.00 A. M. and 7.30 p. m. ; Sunday school at 9.45. 
Prayer meeting Wednesday evening at 7.30. Rev. 
D. D. Hill, Pastor. 

Friends' Church. — On corner of Marengo Avenue 
and Mountain Street. Service Sabbath morning at 
11.00. Sunday school 9.45 a. m. Services in the 
evening at 7.30. Meeting on Wednesdays at 10.00 
A. M. Prayer meeting Thursday evening at 7.30. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 133 

Business meeting first Saturday in each month. All 
are cordially invited. R. H. Hartley, Pastor. 

Universalist Church. — Corner Raymond and 
Chestnut. Services at ii.oo a. m. Sunday school at 
10.00 A. M. Rev. Everett L. Conger, Pastor, residence 
Howard Place. 

German Methodist. — At old M. E. Church, 
corner Ramona Street and Worcester Avenue. Sun- 
day school at 9.15 A. M., and preaching at 10.30 a. m. 
and 7.30 p. M. Rev. L. E. Schnider, Pastor. Young 
people's meeting 6.30 p. m. Prayer meeting Wednes- 
day evening 7.30. 

South Pasadena Sunday School. — Every Sunday 
afternoon at 3.00, in the South Pasadena School- 
house. George W. Wilson, Superintendent. Preach- 
ing every second and fourth Sunday in the month at 
4.00 p. M. 

Methodist Episcopal. — Corner Colorado Street 
and Marengo Avenue. Services at 11.00 a.m. Ser- 
vices at 7.30 p. M. by P. F. Bresee, D. D., Pastor. 
Sunday school at 9.45 a. m. 

Calvary Presbyterian. — Services in College 
Building, Columbia and Orange Grove Avenue. Rev. 
A. M. Merwin, Pastor. 

Christian. — DeLacey Street, between Colorado 
and Kansas Streets. Services every Lord's day at 
11.00 A. M. and 7.30 p. M. Sunday school at 9.00 a, m. 
Prayer meeting Wednesday evening at 7.30 p. m. All 
are invited. 

Presbyterian. — Colorado Street and Worcester 
Avenue. Rev. M. N. Cornelius, Pastor. Residence 
Worcester Avenue. Services 11.00 a. m. and 7.00 
p. M. Sunday school at 9.45 a. m. Prayer meeting 



134 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

Wednesday evening at 7.30. Strangers cordially 
invited. Seats free. 

Baptist. — Corner of Fair Oaks and Locust. Sab- 
bath services at 11.00 a. m. and 7.30 p. m. Sabbath 
school at 9.45 A. M. Young people's prayer meeting 
at 6.45 p. M. ; Wednesday evening prayer meeting at 
7.30. Thursday evening meeting of young people for 
Bible study 7.30. Rev. C. E. Harris, Pastor. 

German Services. — Services in the German lan- 
guage held every Sunday at 3.00 p. m. Prayer meet- 
ing Friday evening at 7.30 in the Baptist church on 
Fair Oaks Avenue. All Germans are cordially and 
kindly invited to attend. F. C. Koehler, Pastor, resi- 
dence Orange Place. 

Episcopal. — All Saints Parish, chapel on Colorado 
Street. Adult Bible class and Sunday school at 9.45 
A. M. Morning service at 11.00 a. m. Holy Com- 
munion first Sunday in month 12.15 ^- ^^' Evening 
service at 7.30. Seats free. Strangers cordially wel- 
comed. Rev. John D. H. Browne, Rector. 

Catholic. — Corner Bellefontaine and Pasadena 
Avenue. Services every Sunday morning at 10.00. 
Rev. Father Cullen officiates. 

STREET RAILWAY GUIDE. 

City Railroad, from Colorado Street and Raymond 
Avenue, north to Chestnut, west to Fair Oaks, 
thence to North Pasadena Cemetery and Arroyo Park. 
Cars leave Pasadena for Washington Street and Los 
Robles Avenue every twenty minutes until 6.00 p. m., 
then thirty minutes past each hour. Cars leave Pasa- 
dena for the cemetery each hour until 5.00 p. m., then 
cars stop at Dakota Street. Cars leave Pasadena for 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. I35 

Arroyo Park twenty minutes past each hour until 
5.20 p. M. 

West Pasadena Railroad, from Colorado Street and 
Fair Oaks Avenue, west and north to San Rafael 
Hills, via Arroyo Seco. 

Highland Railroad, from Raymond, along Broad- 
way to Colorado, thence east to Lake Avenue, and 
north to New York Avenue. Cars run every hour 
during the day. 

Pasadena Railway, from Orange Grove Avenue and 
Columbia Street, east to Fair Oaks Avenue, north to 
Chestnut, east to Summit, north to Villa, east to 
Marengo Avenue, north to Illinois, east to Moline. 
Cars run every half hour from 6.30 a. m. to 8.00 p. m. 
First car Sundays at 8.45 a. m. 

Colorado Street Railway, from Colorado Street and 
Fair Oaks Avenue, east to Hill Avenue, thence south 
to San Pasqual Street. Also from corner Colorado 
and Fair Oaks, east to Lake Avenue, thence north 
on Lake, past Olivewood to Villa Street, thence east 
on Villa to Allen Avenue. Also from Colorado and 
Fair Oaks, east to Los Robles Avenue, south on Los 
Robles to California, thence east on California to 
Lake Avenue, north on Lake to San Pasqual, thence 
east on San Pasqual to Wilson Avenue. Cars run 
every fifteen minutes. Late cars to all entertainments. 



136 PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 

SPANISH LOCAL NAMES AND THEIR MEANING. 



Pasadena — Crown of the Valley, 

Las Flores — The Flowers. 

Linda Vista — Beautiful View. 

El Retiro — The Retreat. 

San Gabriel — St. Gabriel. 

El Molino— The Mill. 

Los Robles — The Oaks. 

El Monte — The Brush. 

Los Angeles — The Angels. 

San Juan Capistrano — St. John, the Chanter. 

San Luis Obispo — St. Louis, the Bishop. 

San Luis Rey — St. Louis, the King. 

San Marcial — St. Michael. 

Albuquerque — Family Name. 

Buena Vista — Good View. 

Grande Vista — Grand View. 

Arroyo Vista — River View. 

Belie Vista — Fine View. 

Hermosa Vista — Handsome View. 

Cajon Pass — Box Pass. 

Colorado — Red. 

El Paso del Norte — The North Pass. 

Coronado — The Crowned. 

El Llano Estacado — The Meadows. 

Gloreta — Pleasant Valley. 

Azusa — Family Name. 

Alamitos — Little Poplars. 

Duarte — Family Name. 

Ensenada — Small Bay. 

Escondido — Hidden. 

La Canyada — Little Valley. 



PASADENA AND ITS VICINITY. 137 

Elsinore — Home of Hamlet. 
Garvanzo — Pea. 
Las Casitas — Little Homes. 

El Temblores — Earthquake (early name of the San 
Gabriel River). 

Ramona — Spanish Christian Name. 

Santa Monica — St. Monica. 

La Ballona — The Bayou. 

San Diego — St. James. 

La Puente — The Bridge. 

Monte Vista — Mountain View. 

La Jolla — The Caves. 

Las Vegas — The Meadows. 

Mesa — Table-land. 

San Joaquin — St. Joacim. 

Santa Jenoveve — St. Genevieve. 

Sierra Madre — Mother Mountain. 

Tia Juana — Aunt Jennie. 

Trinidad — The Trinity. 

Val Verde— Green Vale. 

Elevado — Elevated. 

Las Tablas— The Tables. 

Piedra Grande — Big Rock. 

San Jacinto — St. Hyacinth. 

Sacramento — Sacred Mind. 

San Francisco — St. Francis. 

Mt. Diablo — Devil's Mountain. 



INDEX 







PAGE 




PAGE 


Acacia . . . 


14 


Coronado Beach 


• "3 


Aged people 


44 


Cotton tail 


88 


Alfalfa . . . 


. 96 


Crab apple 


14 


Alfileria 




. 105 


Crown of the Valley . 


9 


Alhambra 




. 16, 30 


Dear, Parker . 


• "5 


Alder 




30 


Deer 


. 84 


Altadena 




10 


Devil's Gate . . .16, 


24, 109 


Antelope 




. 84 


Dove, Turtle . 


124 


Apricot 




14 


Dry River 


23 


Arizona 




80 


Duarte .... 


30 


Arnold, Delos . 


13 


Eagle Rock Valley . 


•25,27 


Arrow Head Springs 


. IIS 


Eaton Cailon . 


39,88 


Arroyo Seco 


4, 9> 23 


Edgecliff .... 


39 


Bakersfield 


91 


Elizabeth Lake 


84 


Baldwin, E. J. . 


• 5. 107 


Elsinore .... 


4 


Winery 


• 5, 107 


Eucalyptus, Value of 


103 


Ranch of . 


. 5. 107 


Fauna .... 


121 


Race horses 


. 5, 107 


Felipe Lugo ranch, Acreage of 


29 


Ballona . 


77 


Fiesta .... 


1x8 


Banana 


14 


Figs 


14. 103 


Bandini 


• 5,92 


Forestry .... 


109 


Baskets, Indian 


. 116 


Commissioner of 


109 


Barracuda . 


. 87 


Franciscans 


49 


Beauchamp 


40 


Fremont .... 


6 


Brown's Peak . 


37 


Fruits .... 


96 


Trail . . . . 


37 


Garvanza .... 


22 


Butcher bird 


124 


Giddings, E. W. 


83 


Cabrillo . . . . 


49 


Ranch of . . . 


36 


Cajon Pass 


2 


Gleason Sanitarium . 


37 


Callalily , 


14 


Glendale .... 


32,40 


Camulos . . . , 


118, 119 


Glendora . . . . . 


4 


Campbell, James 


16 


Grapes 


14,96 


Canons 


3 


Grevillea 


IS 


Carr, Dr. Ezra, Collection 


of . 13 


Greyliound . . . . 


88 


Jeanne C. . 


. 107 


Guava . . . . . 


14,96 


Cariacus . . . . 


. 85 


Gun Club 


86 


Catalina Island 


85, 112 


Humboldt 


56 


Centipede 


121 


Hunting . . . . . 


8i 


Citron . . . . 


14 


Indians . . . . , 


4 


Chinatown 


12 


India rubber tree 


14 


Chaparral . . . . 


88, 124 


Irrigation 


lOI 


Clark, B. O. . 


16 


Jack rabbit . . . . 


83 


Climate . . . . 


So, 125 


Jesuits ..<,.. 


49 


Climate, Co 


mparative 


127 


Jujube 


14 



I40 



INDEX 









PAGE 










PAGE 


Japanese current . . . 2 


Navel orange .... 97 


Depth of . 






2 


Negro Canon 






36 


Temperature of . 






2 


Nurseries . 








16 


EfEectof . 






2 


Nuts 








14 


Kinney, Abbot . 






103 


Oak Knoll 








30 


Kinneyloa . 




10, 


39) 97 


Old Baldy 








3, "9 


La Canada 






16, 34 


Ranches 








42 


Las Cacitas 






37 


Olives 








118 


Health resort 






37 


Value of 








103 


Trails . 






37 


Olivewood 








103 


La Puente ranch 






29 


Ontario 








115 


Latitude . 






I 


Orange 






14, 


42, lOI 


Lemon 






14 


Grove . 








96 


Lewis, Prof. 






39 


Oreortyx . 








81 


Lime . . » . 






14 


Ostrich farm 








31 


Lincoln Park . 






91 


Value of birds 






31 


Hunting at . 






41 


Farming, African 






32 


Linda Vista 






24 


Owls 






124 


Nursery 






16 


Palm 






14 


Lion Mountain . 






35,84 


Palomar . 






4 


Lizards 






122 


Pala . . . 




4, I 


14, 117 


Live oaks . 






79 


Painter Hotel . 






16 


Loquat 






14 


Pasadena, Origin of 






6 


Los Feliz ranch 






32 


Growth of . 






7 


Ostriches at 






32 


Population of 






7 


Los Flores 






38 


Boom of 






7 


Long Beach 






III 


Car lines 






TI 


Lopez, Claudio . 






54 


Banks 






II 


Los Angeles 






5 


Public buildings 






12 


River . 






40 


Business streets 






11 


Lucerne Lake . 






IIS 


Business blocks 






II 


Manzanita 






78 


Methods of illumination 


II 


Matate 






42, 116 


As a winter and summer re 


sort 8 


Merced ranch . 






29 


Wealth of . 


8 


Merrill, C.H. . 






22 


Location and extent of 


9 


Mesa . . 






104 


Residences of 


9 


Metropol Hotel 






86 


Hotels of . 




II 


Mexican Joe 






86 


Opera house 




II 


Millard Canon . 






• 36, 39 


Churches of 




15 


Missions of Californi 


a 


. 48, 


56, 117 


Secret societies 


. 


15 


Their dates 






56 


MiUtary corps of 


15 


Mission vieja . 






52 


Public library of 


12 


Monk Hill 




. 16 


, 38, 88 


Young Men's Christian . 


A.SSO- 


Monterey cypress 






14 


ciation of 


12 


Mt. Disappointment 






35 


Latitude of 


I 


Murrietta , 






115 


Altitude of 






• 


3 



INDEX. 



141 



Pasadena, Scenery of 

Mountains of 
Pauma 
Peach 
Pear . 

Pigeon Mountain 
Pomegranate 
Poppies 
Pomona 
Plum 

Portero Grande ranch 
Puente Hills . 
Quail, where found 

Facts about 
Rains 
Raisins 
Ramada 
Ramona 

Town of 
Rat, wood 

Kangaroo . 
Rattlesnake 
Ray . 

Raymond, Walter 

Emmons 

Hotel . 

Reed, Hugo 

Ribis speciosum 

Riding 

Riviera 

Rod and gun 

Rose's winery . 

Rust, H. N., Collection 

Salvadea . 

San Diego 

San Fernando . 

Mission 

Pass . 

San Francisquilo ranch 

San Bernadino . 

San Jacinto 

San Gabriel 

Valley, Size of 
Early settlers 
Santa Ana 
Santa Anita 



PAGE 

3 

3 

117 

14 

14 

124 

14,96 

38 

"5 

14 

29 

86 



116 
119 
9 
123 
123 
124 
87 



3, 19 
54 
107 



53 

49 

49 

118 

16 

29 

4 

4 

44, 52 

4 

5 

4, 42 

29 



Santa Barbara . 

San Rafael ranch 

San Pasquale ranch 

San Pedro 

San Juan 

San Juan Capistrano 

Sante Fe Springs 

Santa Rosa ranch 

Santa Monica . 

Sanitarium 

Scorpion . 

Scoville bridge 

Sea bass 

Serra, Father Junipero 

Sierra Madre 

Villa . 
Sierra Santa Monica 
Shorb's winery . 
Skunk 
Squirrels . 
Ground 
Smith's Mountain 
Stockton . 

Stoneman's ranch 
Switzer . 

Sycamore . 
Grove . 

Tarantula . 

Temecula . 

Trout 

Tulare 

Verdugo range . 
Caiion 

Vineyard, value of 
Mother 

Viscayno . 

Walnut groves, Value ol 

Washington Heights 

Winston ranch . 

Wild goat . 
Cat 

Whittier . 

Wilson, B. D. , 

Winery 

Yew . 

Yucca 



PAGE 

119 
26 

5 

7, III 

42 
117 
42 
"S 

2, no 
39 
121 
27 
87 
49 

,3,33 

22 
4 

27 
123 

83 
123 

4 
6 
16 

24,35 

23.78 

93 

12, 121 

4 

86 

91 

,84 

40 

lOI 

48 
49 

lOI 

22 

30 
8S 
92 
42 
97 

27, 28, 29 

14 

35' 109 



84, 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




017 169 551 A 



